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Private Libraries Privately Made

Amiens Cathedral — 2011 — WHEABCA20DBE7

A rare insight into the construction of private medieval manuscripts reveals that books from the 1240s, likely produced at Amiens Cathedral's chancery, were assembled by incorporating older texts or quires and appending new ones. This method of book-making involved at least fifteen scribes, some of whom also created pen-flourished initials, demonstrating a collaborative effort in manuscript production. The study identifies similar practices in other notable libraries, such as those of Henry the Liberal (d. 1181) and Bernard de Castenet (d. 1317), highlighting the reuse and interpolation of older materials to create new philosophical works, many of which were translations from Arabic.

Produire un espace sacré : controverses autour du site de la colline royale d’Ambohimanga à Madagascar

Royal Hill of Ambohimanga — 2011 — WHE54B582A0B3

Ambohimanga, Madagascar's sacred royal hill inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001, exemplifies how such sites become complex spatial constructs with multifaceted interpretations. Through Henri Lefebvre's triadic analysis—practices of space, representations of space, and spaces of representation—the study reveals Ambohimanga as a hybrid space serving religious, national, and touristic functions simultaneously. This duality arises from its designation as a global heritage site, which exposes it to diverse interpretations while maintaining its sacred significance for local communities.

Prolog – Das Bauhaus und die Begeisterung für das Objekt

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2011 — WHE83AA6C55A2

The Bauhaus movement, founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar in 1919, revolutionized design and architecture with its innovative approaches that continue to influence aesthetic understanding today. Drawing inspiration from medieval guild practices, the Bauhaus united diverse disciplines under a unified vision, fostering a revolutionary concept that persists nearly a century later. This study highlights the enduring impact of Bauhaus's prototyping practices on innovation, demonstrating their relevance in contemporary contexts.

Promoting Gondwana: presentation of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area in tourist brochures

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2011 — WHE0878FBEA48

Only 3% of tourism brochures in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area mention 'Gondwana' or 'Gondwana Rainforests,' highlighting a significant gap in branding awareness despite its importance as a tourist drawcard. This study analyzed 343 brochures to assess the representation of key terms like 'rainforest,' 'World Heritage,' and 'Gondwana' in both text and imagery. The findings underscore the need for stronger promotion of this globally recognized brand to enhance visitor engagement and community awareness, given its role as a remnant sub-tropical rainforest ecosystem declared a World Heritage site in 1986.

Promoting sustainable festival events tourism: a case study of Lamu Kenya

Lamu Old Town — 2011 — WHE18DC2ECC23

Festivals, including those in Lamu Old Townhold significant potential for sustainable local economic development. However, this potential is often underutilized due to poor management and engagement with tourism forces. The study highlights the need for careful planning of festival events to balance cultural preservation, community involvement, and economic benefits while ensuring sustainable tourism practices. By investing in festivals and fostering authentic tourist experiences, regional economies can be boosted, tourism seasonality expanded, and local identities strengthened. This case study underscores the importance of policy interventions that prioritize local participation in communicating Lamu's history and cultural heritage.

Prousa/Bursa, a city within the city: chorography, conversion and choreography

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire — 2011 — WHEE7F7309162

Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire and known as Prousa during Byzantine rule, exhibits a complex urban fabric where Ottoman identity emerged alongside enduring Byzantine influences. This study reveals that early 14th-century Bursa was less uniform than previously thought, with Byzantine architectural elements persisting and shaping Ottoman construction practices. By analyzing pre-1855 earthquake drawings and textual evidence, the research challenges Ottoman-centric narratives, demonstrating how Byzantine substrata informed the city's development despite significant remodelling due to fires and earthquakes.

Pseudochromine and pseudoplesiopine dottyback fishes from the Socotra Archipelago, Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species of Pseudochromis Rüppell (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae)

Socotra Archipelago — 2011 — WHE3B67A21B8E

Two new species of dottyback fish, Pseudochromis chrysospilus and Pseudochromis socotraensis, have been identified from the Socotra Archipelago. These discoveries expand the known biodiversity of the region, with P. chrysospilus belonging to a newly diagnosed 'caudalis-complex' and differing in meristic and coloration traits, while P. socotraensis is part of the 'dutoiti-complex,' distinguished by adult size, meristic characters, and live coloration. The study, based on collections from 1999–2000 and additional visual records, also documents the distribution ranges and biotopes of seven Pseudochromis species and two Chlidichthys species in the archipelago.

Pseudolyonsite, Cu3(VO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

Volcanoes of Kamchatka — 2011 — WHEAE05A9B358

Scientists have discovered pseudolyonsite, Cu3(VO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. This dark red to black mineral, found in medium-temperature fumaroles, exhibits unique characteristics such as flexibility in thin needles and distinct anisotropy under reflected light. Pseudolyonsite is isostructural with synthetic Cu3(VO4)2 and dimorphous with triclinic mcbirneyite, featuring a complex crystal structure composed of corrugated octahedral layers connected by VO4 tetrahedra. The mineral's name reflects its visual similarity to lyonsite, another vanadate mineral. The discovery was made through detailed analysis using electron probe microscopy and X-ray diffraction, providing insights into the mineral's composition, structure, and properties.

Public history and the fragments of place: archaeology, history and heritage site development in southern Alberta

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump — 2011 — WHE2673C279B8

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southern Alberta, exemplifies the complexities of heritage development and the 'spirit of place.' This study reveals that while efforts to reconcile tangible and intangible heritage can enrich site narratives, they may also marginalize fragmented histories. By comparing Head-Smashed-In with Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, the research highlights divergent approaches to place-making and Aboriginal consultation in archaeological preservation. The findings underscore the need for a balanced approach that acknowledges both the wholeness and fragmentation of place, challenging conventional heritage practices and public history narratives.

Pyrometamorphic Processes at the Magma-Hydrothermal System Interface of Active Volcanoes: Evidence from Buchite Ejecta of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2011 — WHE74A39C62D3

Recent paroxysmal explosions at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) ejected pyrometamorphic rocks, classified as buchites, providing evidence of high-temperature, low-pressure contact metamorphism at the magma-hydrothermal system interface. The study identified three distinct facies within these ejecta—cordierite-plagioclase, mullite-plagioclase palisade, and tridymite-clinopyroxene—indicating complex interactions between hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks and basaltic magma. Mineral growth patterns, such as plagioclase palisades and clinopyroxene coronae, along with pseudoporphyritic microstructures, support the origin of these buchites from hydrothermally altered rocks of the Vancori edifice, which underwent partial melting due to contact with ascending magma. The research highlights the dynamic processes occurring in active island arc volcanoes, where acidic hydrothermal fluids alter volcanic protoliths, leading to diverse alteration facies and subsequent pyrometamorphism.

Q Methodology and its Applications: Reflections on Theory

Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos — 2011 — WHE60A8BFE0DF

A comprehensive analysis of surface-survey ceramics from southwest Samos reveals the island's evolving landscape structure and networking patterns, spanning from the Archaic to Byzantine periods. By identifying 15 densely populated 'Areas of Interest' through spatial analysis, researchers uncovered a dynamic network of contacts that gradually expanded both internally and externally across the Aegean and Mediterranean. Detailed typological analysis of 2,106 ceramics, combined with environmental context, provided precise dating for these areas, while comparisons with local Ionian ceramics and those from the Heraion Sanctuary offered insights into the island's cultural interactions over centuries.

Qhapaq Ñan

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2011 — WHEE418B99B40

A significant contribution to understanding the ancestral culture of Carchi, this study highlights the enduring legacy of Qhapaq Ñan, the ancient Andean road system. The research reveals that remnants of this path, along with the vibrant life in surrounding communities, serve as tangible evidence of a rich cultural and spiritual heritage. By examining these vestiges, the study not only sheds light on historical practices but also proposes strategies to improve living conditions in marginalized urban areas through the preservation and celebration of natural and cultural assets.

Quality assessment of replacement stones for the Cologne Cathedral: mineralogical and petrophysical requirements

Cologne Cathedral — 2011 — WHE8B070D084B

A critical factor in the deterioration of Cologne Cathedral's medieval 'Drachenfels trachyte' is its moisture properties, including capillary and sorptive water uptake, water saturation, drying processes, and moisture dilatation. This study assessed eight different stones used in the cathedral's construction, comparing their petrography, mineralogical composition, and petrophysical properties to those of Drachenfels trachyte. The research found significant differences in lithology and petrophysical characteristics among the stones, which are strongly correlated with their deterioration behavior. By defining optical and petrophysical criteria, including strength values, the study evaluated the compatibility of original, replacement, and modern building materials, highlighting that moisture properties play a pivotal role in the decay mechanisms observed.

Quantification of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Adhesion on Fez Medina Cedar Wood

Medina of Fez — 2011 — WHEFF01A0FA69

Researchers found that Bacillus sp., a bacterium contributing to cedar wood decay in Fez's historic Medina, adheres more effectively to the wood surface (90% coverage) compared to Bacillus subtilis (40% coverage). The study quantified bacterial adhesion using environmental scanning electron microscopy and image analysis software. It also revealed distinct physicochemical properties: Bacillus sp. exhibited hydrophilic, electron-donating behavior, while B. subtilis was hydrophobic. Cedar wood, used in Fez's architecture, displayed hydrophobic traits with prevalent electron-donor characteristics (γ– = 6 ± 4 mJ/m²; γ+ = 0 ± 3 mJ/m²). These findings highlight the bacterial interactions influencing wood preservation challenges in UNESCO-listed sites.

Quantifying the fire regime distributions for severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Yosemite National Park — 2011 — WHEEC73121335

A comprehensive analysis of fire severity distributions across 19 distinct fire-regime types in Yosemite National Park reveals significant variations in burn severity, providing critical insights into current fire dynamics compared to historical patterns. Using Landsat Thematic Mapper data, researchers mapped burn severity for 99 fires spanning 20 years and over 97,000 hectares, classifying these distributions within four vegetation zones: foothill shrub and woodland, lower montane forest, upper montane forest, and subalpine forest. This study establishes a framework to compare contemporary fire regimes with historical conditions, offering valuable data for researchers and land managers to assess changes in fire behavior and inform future management strategies.

Quantitative characteristics of nutrition in free-ranging reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus) on Wrangel Island

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve — 2011 — WHE9CB4A6653F

Free-ranging reindeer and musk oxen on Wrangel Island exhibit similar nutritional parameters, with daily forage intake varying seasonally. Musk oxen consume 7.8 kg of dry weight forage in summer but reduce this to 6.1 kg during the snow period (March–April), while reindeer intake drops to 3.9 kg in winter. Forage digestibility remains consistent across seasons for both species, ranging from 52% to 57%. Metabolizable energy consumption aligns with maintenance levels in winter but increases for musk oxen in summer to meet energy demands. The study employed field tracking of 24-hour animal movements and fecal analysis to estimate intake and digestibility, providing critical insights into the nutritional ecology of these species in a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

R v Syncrude Canada: A Clash of Bitumen and Birds

Wood Buffalo National Park — 2011 — WHEFA4DD62388

A tragic event at Syncrude Canada’s Aurora North tar sands mine in Wood Buffalo National Park revealed the lethal consequences of bitumen extraction on migratory birds. On 28 April 2008, approximately 1,600 birds died after landing on a tailings pond, where warm bitumen froth created an attractive but deadly resting spot for exhausted or weather-affected migrants en route to the Peace Athabasca delta. The study highlights the ecological risks posed by industrial activities in critical bird migration pathways, emphasizing the need for mitigating measures to prevent such disasters. The research approach combines field observations with legal analysis, underscoring the intersection of environmental science and regulatory challenges.

Rainforests at the Margins: Regional Profiles

Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands — 2011 — WHEE09D1750F0

Colchic rainforests and wetlands, despite not fitting the global temperate rainforest model, exhibit characteristics that qualify them as 'rainforests at the margins.' These regions, including those in the Western Eurasian Caucasus, demonstrate how local climates—particularly fog—create conditions conducive to humidity-dependent vegetation, such as oceanic lichens, even in warmer temperatures typically outside the range of temperate rainforests. The study highlights these areas as outliers, where unique microclimatic factors compensate for broader climatic deviations, challenging conventional definitions and emphasizing the diversity of rainforest ecosystems.

Ramazzottius belubellus, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina, U.S.A.)

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2011 — WHE66AAF21ACB

Researchers have identified and described a new species of tardigrade, Ramazzottius belubellus, from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This discovery is notable for its unique dorsal spines—long, sharp, and triangular—which distinguish it from all other known Ramazzottius species. Unlike related species that feature small tubercles arranged in bands or a thin reticulum, R. belubellus stands out due to these distinctive spines. While superficially resembling R. baumanni, the new species differs by lacking flat, hemispherical tubercles and instead possessing sharp triangular spines on its dorsal side. The study highlights the biodiversity of microscopic organisms within UNESCO-listed sites like the Great Smoky Mountains, offering insights into tardigrade taxonomy and adaptation in extreme environments.

Rapid commencement of ecosystem recovery following aerial baiting on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island

Macquarie Island — 2011 — WHE8E90DBA724

Aerial baiting for invasive rabbits on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island triggered rapid recovery of the native tussock grass Poa foliosa, a key component of the island’s ecosystem. Within six months of initiating the eradication program in winter 2010, substantial regrowth was observed, demonstrating the potential for swift ecological restoration following localized removal of invasive herbivores. This finding provides critical insights into monitoring and evaluating the success of vertebrate pest control efforts on fragile island ecosystems.