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Publications

Showing 15521 – 15540 of 15962 publications

Depicting community perspectives: repeat photography and participatory research as tools for assessing environmental services in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2012 — WHEF28FA44BDE

A novel application of repeat photography as a diachronic photo-diary reveals a strong consensus among local communities in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal, regarding adverse changes to environmental services (ES), particularly protection against natural hazards like landslides and floods. This study highlights the potential of participatory research methods, such as repeat photography, to complement traditional biophysical ecosystem assessments by integrating diverse stakeholders' knowledge and addressing power imbalances in complex social-ecological systems. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating local perspectives into conservation efforts to enhance livelihoods and protect UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Designing a Glass Pavilion to Protect an Ancient Greek Temple

Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae — 2012 — WHEBE8D5EA281

A groundbreaking approach to preserving the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, demonstrates that a glass pavilion can effectively protect ancient limestone structures from environmental degradation while maintaining visual transparency and passive climate control. The study introduces an innovative design featuring 24-meter-span glass beams, eliminating the need for internal columns and ensuring minimal intrusion on the monument's aesthetic integrity. This solution addresses critical challenges of visibility, structural support, and environmental regulation, offering a model for future conservation efforts at similar sites.

Diagnostic écologique du Parc National lchkeul (Tunisie) après la construction des barrages: cas des oiseaux d'eau

Ichkeul National Park — 2012 — WHE80D5C06995

A dramatic decline of nearly 40 % in waterbird abundance—down to about 60 000 individuals—has been directly linked to the construction of three upstream dams that reduced freshwater inflow and doubled lake salinity, from an average of 13 g l−1 before dams to 27 g l−1 after. This increase in salinity severely depleted Potamogeton and Scirpus populations, key food sources for herbivorous waterbirds such as ducks and coots, leading to their seasonal restriction to small river mouths and eventual disappearance by late autumn. The study analyzed monthly species richness and abundance data from 2001–2004, revealing significant seasonal variation with peaks in November and December (up to 50 000 individuals) and troughs in summer (as few as 1 500). A total of 71 waterbird species were recorded, with herbivores dominating the community but showing the lowest peak abundance since systematic monitoring began. The research supports the hypothesis that freshwater diversion and increased salinity are primary drivers of ecological change, threatening both vegetation and waterbird populations in Ichkeul National Park.

Dilation behaviour of lime mortars for restoration work: application to the compatibility of cracked stone reassembling

Archaeological Site of Volubilis — 2012 — WHE7FF8D514DD

Research reveals that dilation, particularly thermal and hygric dilation, is a critical factor in the degradation of stones in semi-arid environments, such as those found at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Volubilis (Morocco) and Djemila (Algeria). This study introduces a novel method to measure these dilations, highlighting their significance in assessing stone-mortar compatibility. Unlike traditional criteria for mortar selection—such as chemical composition, porosity, or mechanical strength—dilation behaviour provides deeper insight into how stones respond to environmental stresses, offering a more reliable basis for restoration techniques. The findings challenge conventional approaches, suggesting that mortars and grouts must be carefully matched to the dilation properties of cracked limestones to ensure long-term durability in harsh climates.

Distribution of Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. et DC.) Brid. ex Moug. et Nestl. (Bryophyta) in Montenegro

Durmitor National Park — 2012 — WHEAE652ECEF4

A notable discovery of the moss species Buxbaumia viridis in Montenegro reveals its distribution across 14 high-elevation sites, primarily in the northern and northeastern regions, with elevations exceeding 1300 meters above sea level. Remarkably, Durmitor National Park hosts a significant population at Crno jezero lake, where sporophytes are found on approximately 50 tree trunks. This study contributes valuable insights into the distribution and abundance of this moss species in Montenegro, highlighting its ecological significance within protected areas.

East with the Night: Longitudinal Migration of the Orinoco Goose (Neochen jubata) between Manú National Park, Peru and the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia

Manú National Park — 2012 — WHE8A2C604A64

A pair of Orinoco Geese (Neochen jubata), a Critically Endangered species in Peru, was tracked migrating approximately 655 kilometers from Manú National Park to the Llanos de Moxos in Bolivia. This longitudinal migration, primarily occurring at night with or without moonlight, sheds light on the wet season location of Peru's last known breeding population, aiding conservation efforts. The study suggests that Orinoco Geese in the Llanos de Moxos are year-round residents, indicating a partial migration from the Bení region, possibly due to cavity nest limitations. Researchers used GPS/Argos satellite PTTs to monitor the geese's movements and foraging areas, highlighting the importance of grazing lawns maintained by herbivores, including cattle.

Ecological change in the lower Omo Valley around 2.8 Ma

Lower Valley of the Omo — 2012 — WHE53C05801D7

A significant ecological shift occurred in the lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia, around 2.8 million years ago (Ma), marked by a substantial increase in C4 dietary intake among herbivores, including bovids and suids. This change was unexpectedly large and simultaneous across different species, suggesting a common environmental driver despite no evidence of rapid grassland expansion. Stable isotope analysis of tooth enamel from the Shungura Formation revealed higher δ13C values post-2.8 Ma in Tragelaphus nakuae, surpassing levels observed in living tragelaphins, and similar shifts in Kolpochoerus limnetes, challenging assumptions about dietary evolution. These findings highlight a previously underappreciated ecological transformation during the late Pliocene, raising questions about the resolution of ecological proxies and the correlation between vegetation and faunal changes.

Ecological management in a cultural landscape

Chief Roi Mata’s Domain — 2012 — WHEF258887F35

A biodiversity survey of Artok, part of Chief Roi Mata’s Domain (CRMD) in Vanuaturevealed the island to be a critical refuge for endangered species, including those listed under IUCN Red List and CITES Appendices. The study identified a low presence of invasive species compared to nearby Efate and documented a potential new subspecies of skink, endemic to Artok. This scientific assessment provided the local ni-Vanuatu community with additional ecological data to strengthen their defense against development pressures and cultural erosion. The research employed a collaborative approach, integrating traditional knowledge with standardized biodiversity surveys, offering a model for holistic ecological management in culturally significant landscapes.

Effectiveness and cost efficiency of monitoring mountain nyala in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Bale Mountains National Park — 2012 — WHE1EECF039FE

A cost-effective monitoring protocol for the endangered mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, offers significant financial savings without compromising effectiveness. The study found that total counts, despite underestimating population size, were more precise and required only 12% of the resources needed compared to distance sampling. This method also demonstrated greater power to detect changes in population size, making it a viable alternative for long-term conservation efforts in resource-limited protected areas like BMNP. The research highlights the importance of evaluating cost efficiency alongside effectiveness when selecting monitoring protocols.

Effects of Severe Floods and Droughts on Wildlife of the Pantanal Wetland (Brazil)—A Review

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2012 — WHE79A9F57402

Severe floods and droughts significantly impact the wildlife of the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil, by altering habitats through tree mortality in riparian forests and modifying ecosystems adapted to seasonal water fluctuations. These extreme weather events, influenced by global climate phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, disrupt both natural systems and human activities such as cattle ranching and ecotourism. The study reviews how these natural disasters affect flora and fauna, emphasizing the need for adaptive wildlife management strategies to mitigate their effects on biodiversity and local economies.

Egyptian and Egyptianizing Objects from EB I-III Tell Es-Sultan/Ancient Jericho

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2012 — WHE185F0F72A0

Archaeological evidence from Tell es-Sultan (Ancient Jericho) reveals significant Egyptian and Egyptianizing artifacts dating from the Early Bronze Age I-III, shedding light on the complex trade and cultural exchanges between Egypt and the Levant during the 4th to 3rd millennia BCE. The study highlights Jericho's strategic position as a key hub in these interactions, contributing to the rise of early urban centers in the region. Through detailed analysis of these objects, researchers have uncovered the dynamics of commercial and cultural relationships that flourished between Egypt and Palestine during this pivotal period.

Empty Promises and False Hopes

Matobo Hills — 2012 — WHE5D69F310CC

Matobo Hills, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe, has become a contested cultural landscape due to unfulfilled promises of equitable management and benefit-sharing for local communities. The study reveals that colonial-era laws, which sidelined indigenous practices, persist despite post-independence reforms, leaving Matobo's heritage governance unresolved. Traditional management methods, once enforced by local leaders, were replaced by Eurocentric policies during colonization, leading to resistance and eventually the liberation war (1972–1980). Though independence in 1980 offered hope for redress, three decades later, grievances remain unaddressed, deepening tensions. The research combines historical analysis with ethnographic data to expose the disconnect between heritage policy and community needs.

Erosion and Archaeological Heritage Protection in Lake Constance and Lake Zurich: The Interreg IV Project ‘Erosion und Denkmalschutz am Bodensee und Zürichsee’

Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps — 2012 — WHE880ED0453D

The Interreg IV project 'Erosion and Archaeological Heritage Protection on Lake Constance and Lake Zürich' significantly advanced the preservation of UNESCO-listed prehistoric pile dwellings by refining mapping, surveillance, and erosion protection techniques. The study identified ship-induced waves as a major contributor to anthropogenic-increased erosion, emphasizing the need for targeted measures to mitigate their impact. By integrating archaeological monitoring with lake research, the project enhanced the effectiveness of protective strategies while addressing ecological considerations. These findings provide a foundation for long-term conservation efforts in these culturally significant underwater sites.

Espacios rituales y cultura material en un sitio arqueológico Humahuaca- Inca (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina)

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2012 — WHE9D0A311112

Archaeological evidence from the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina, reveals that Inca material culture persisted even during periods of Spanish influence. The study analyzed burial practices and mortuary offerings at Esquina de Huajra, a Humahuaca-Inca settlement, showing that secondary interments, ossuaries, and primary burials in vessels were common. Notable findings included the presence of bird crania and pigments (red, yellow, green, orange, and blue) among grave goods. This suggests that Inca lifestyle and social structures remained largely intact despite Spanish encroachment, indicating the resilience of preexisting interaction networks.

Estimates of exploitation rates of the spiny lobster fishery forPanulirus argusfrom tagging within the Bahía Espíritu Santo ‘Sian Ka'an’ Biosphere Reserve, Mexican Caribbean

Sian Ka'an — 2012 — WHE5A3C231877

A study of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery within Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, reveals high exploitation rates exceeding 0.94, driven by intensive fishing in shallow waters (≤20 m) due to gear restrictions. The research used a modified Brownie model to analyze tag recovery data from the 2010/2011 season, accounting for tag retention and reporting biases. Independent aquaria trials and fisher interviews refined estimates of mortality and catchability. Findings suggest that the 'casita/campo' system, which relies on fast-growing juveniles, sustains stable landings by enabling seasonal replenishment, despite high exploitation pressures.

Estudio de Pigmentos en Alfarería Estilo Negro Sobre Rojo de Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2012 — WHECDF996E486

A groundbreaking analysis of pigments in the iconic 'Negro sobre Rojo' pottery style from Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina, reveals significant insights into its technological attributes and chronological variability. Researchers employed a combination of advanced techniques—including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy—to unravel the compositional intricacies of these artifacts. The study's multi-disciplinary approach, involving collaboration with various specialists, allowed for nuanced interpretations that shed light on the cultural and temporal dimensions of this archaeological tradition. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the region's ceramic practices but also highlight the potential of integrating diverse analytical methods to reconstruct historical narratives.

Experience in-between architecture and context: the New Acropolis Museum, Athens

Acropolis, Athens — 2012 — WHEF7F10FC0BF

The New Acropolis Museum in Athens exemplifies how architecture's context and conditions can be understood through Gilles Deleuze's concept of the signaletic material, revealing a dynamic interplay between form, function, and experiential potential. This study demonstrates that architectural design, particularly in museum spaces, can afford multifaceted experiences—ranging from practical use to contemplative engagement with historical and geographical context. By analyzing visitor movement and perception within the museum, the research highlights how such designs actualize the 'in-between' encounters of architecture, context, and the experiencing subject, contributing to the broader understanding of architectural intentionality and its experiential dimensions.

Factors Associated with the Severity of Intersecting Fires in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Yosemite National Park — 2012 — WHE07CAD273AD

A study on Yosemite National Park's Illilouette Creek basin reveals that reburn fires tend to increase in severity, with high-severity burns often converting vegetation to montane chaparral. The research found no significant link between fire return interval and initial fire severity but identified associations with the number of years since the last burn, burning index, and previous fire severity. These factors interact to influence reburn severity, offering insights for ecosystem management. The study analyzed 28 fires larger than 40 ha from 1973 to 2011, providing a data-driven understanding of fire dynamics in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Forgotten in the ocean: systematics, biogeography and evolution of the Trachylepis skinks of the Socotra Archipelago

Socotra Archipelago — 2012 — WHE7DDC5934E7

Research reveals that the Socotra Archipelago, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot, has been colonized by Trachylepis skinks twice independently. Genetic analysis of 115 individuals, including samples from all four islands (Socotra, Darsa, Samha, Abd Al Kuri), shows that the first colonization event gave rise to populations on Socotra, Samha, and Darsa, while the second led to the distinct species found on Abd Al Kuri. Both events occurred within the last 14 million years, ruling out vicariance as a mechanism for their evolution. The study also identifies the Abd Al Kuri population as a new species within the T. brevicollis complex, highlighting its unique genetic and morphological traits.

Fossil pollen reveals the secrets of the Royal Persian Garden at Ramat Rahel, Jerusalem

The Persian Garden — 2012 — WHEEA5CA34EB1

Fossil pollen analysis has unveiled the composition of the Royal Persian Garden at Ramat Rahel, Jerusalem, dating back to the fifth to fourth centuries BCE. This groundbreaking research, using a unique method to extract fossil pollen from ancient plaster, identified exotic trees such as citron (Citrus medica), cedar, birch, and Persian walnut, marking their earliest appearance in the southern Levant. The study suggests these imported species were likely used to display the power of the imperial Persian administration. Additionally, native fruit trees and ornamentals like fig, grape, olive, willow, poplar, myrtle, and water lily were also found. This discovery opens new avenues for studying the symbolic role of flora in palatial gardens and the proliferation of plants across geographical areas.