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Showing 15821 – 15840 of 15944 publications

Aproximación a la identidad matsiguenka a partir de las influencias externas. Primeros acercamientos

Manú National Park — 2010 — WHE23A61455C1

External influences have significantly shaped the identity of the Matsiguenka people in the Peruvian Amazon, particularly in the Urubamba and Manú regions. The study reveals that political and economic decisions, such as the division of their territories in the 1970s and the declaration of part of their land as a national park, have created complex and contradictory relationships with development projects like gas extraction. These changes have impacted the Matsiguenka's traditional way of life and their perception of identity, reflecting a dynamic interplay between internal cultural perspectives and external forces. The research, based on fieldwork conducted in 2001-2003, analyzes how these influences have altered their social and territorial identities.

Archeologija „su Lietuvos TSR istorijos katedros vėliava“

Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) — 2010 — WHE41A7950CEF

Kernavė Archaeological Site, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004, emerged as a pivotal research base for Vilnius University (VU) archaeology students during Soviet-era excavations. From 1979 to 1989, VU-led expeditions introduced students to fieldwork methods while conducting extensive investigations, including excavations at Maišiagala and Narkūnai hillforts. These efforts laid the groundwork for the establishment of the State Archaeology and History Reserve in 1989. The study highlights how limited resources during the Soviet period—despite producing only 120 graduates from the Archaeology-Museology specialty (1973–1990)—enabled foundational research, including one habilitation, one doctoral dissertation, and key monographs. Post-independence reopening of VU's Archaeology Department in 1990 marked a turning point, but the site's significance was cemented earlier through its role as a training ground for archaeologists, blending fieldwork with natural science and chemical-physical analyses on artifacts.

Architectural Development of Historic Health Care Institutions in Vilnius City

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2010 — WHE822D73BF31

Historic health care institutions in Vilnius, initially integrated into religious complexes, evolved from simple treatment spaces to independent public institutions with distinct architectural and urban significance. This study reveals their transformation from 15th-century convent-based facilities to standalone hospitals by the 18th–19th centuries, marked by shifting functions—from isolation to healing—and spatial reconfiguration within sacral complexes. Analysis of selected cases in Vilnius Old Town demonstrates that urban relocation paralleled functional evolution, with health complexes becoming integral to the cityscape as vertical landmarks ('architectural hills') and centers for social aid, culture, and religion. The research underscores their enduring public role and provides a foundation for future architectural and municipal policies, particularly amid Lithuania's ongoing healthcare system reforms.

Architectural traditions of Mapungubwe and Bambandyanalo (K2)

Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE66DF9BD015

Research identifies and reconstructs culturally significant architectural structures from the 11th to 13th centuries AD at Mapungubwe and K2, two former African capitals within South Africa's Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site. Key findings include single stonewalls, terraces with steps, platforms, mortar blocks, circular stone structures, game-hollows in rock surfaces, and pole-and-daub granaries or veranda-like structures, alongside evidence of palisades and stockade kraals. The study leverages original archaeological field reports from the University of Pretoria's Mapungubwe Archive to inform architectural reconstruction and educational displays at the Mapungubwe Museum. A transdisciplinary approach is proposed for further research to explain the cultural significance of these structures, building on decades of archaeological work since 1933.

Are We Losing the Best Parts of Our Protected Areas in Tropical Mountains?

Blue and John Crow Mountains — 2010 — WHE5EB6151B25

A critical imbalance in forest conservation within the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, Jamaica, reveals that lower-altitude zones face significantly higher deforestation compared to montane regions. Research shows that while only 4% of montane forest was cleared by 2008 with minimal fragmentation, lowland areas experienced seven times more forest loss and an 11-fold increase in fragment density. The study highlights the high conservation value of remaining lowland forests, which harbor 18% endemic species and 71% of threatened tree species, 92% of which are endemic. This 'protected area hotspot zone,' situated between the park boundary and core montane areas, is identified as critical for IUCN categories I and II protected areas, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation efforts to preserve these biodiversity-rich regions.

Arkeolojik Alanlarda Koruma Sorunları Kuramsal ve Yasal Açılardan Değerlendirme

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2010 — WHE89CC8D7220

Turkey's archaeological heritage, including sites like Troy, faces significant threats from both natural and human-made factors. The study highlights that while legal frameworks for cultural heritage protection have evolved since the late 19th century, challenges persist in documenting, preserving, and managing these sites effectively. Key findings emphasize the necessity of raising public awareness, securing financial support, and adopting multidisciplinary approaches to safeguard Turkey's diverse archaeological assets, which span from prehistoric to late medieval periods. The study also notes Turkey's adherence to international conventions like the Valletta Convention, aiming to align with global standards for archaeological heritage preservation.

Arquitectura de madera en las misiones jesuíticas de Chiquitos (Bolivia) del siglo XVIII y sus orígenes prehispánicos y europeos

Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos — 2010 — WHE95D9BBA71B

The wooden architecture of the 18th-century Jesuit missions in Chiquitos, Boliviareveals a unique fusion of pre-Columbian indigenous techniques and European Baroque styles. This study demonstrates that the timber frame structures, characterized by independent wooden porticos supporting monolithic gable roofs, originated from prehispanic communal dwellings. The missionaries adapted this technique, incorporating European joinery, triangular trusses, and ceramic tiles while retaining the native practice of ground-anchored columns—a method abandoned in Europe since the 11th century. Through a quantitative analysis of comparable buildings in Europe and South America, alongside archival research and field studies, the study defines structural typologies and traces the evolution of this construction system from its indigenous roots to its refinement in Chiquitos. This work not only advances understanding of heritage architecture but also provides critical guidance for future conservation efforts.

Beyond nature: The management of a productive cultural landscape in Las Médulas area (El Bierzo, León, Spain) during pre-Roman and Roman times

Las Médulas — 2010 — WHE192ED70366

Research at Las Médulas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Spain, reveals the complex interplay between human activity and landscape management during pre-Roman and Roman times. Analysis of plant remains—including seeds, fruits, charcoal, pollen, spores, and non-pollen palynomorphs—from two archaeological sites demonstrates that communities in this region diversified their use of the landscape through agriculture, animal husbandry, and mining. The study highlights how these activities shaped the environment, satisfying multiple needs while leaving a lasting imprint on the cultural landscape.

Birds, Lower Sangay National Park, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador

Sangay National Park — 2010 — WHE512BFB1AD0

A preliminary avifauna inventory of the lower zone of Sangay National Park, Ecuador, recorded 127 bird species across 39 families, including four notable range extensions: White-bearded Hermit, Black-mandibled Toucan, Spectacled Bristle Tyrant, and Wing-banded Wren. The study also documented threatened species such as Wattled Guan, Ecuadorian Piedtail, and Cerulean Warbler, along with reproductive data for the Scaled Pigeon. This represents the first ornithological survey conducted at this specific site within the park, providing critical baseline data for biodiversity assessment in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Care of the insane in Lübeck during the 17th and 18th centuries

Hanseatic City of Lübeck — 2010 — WHE0E4FB7BB56

A comprehensive source study of the House of the Poor Insane in Lübeck reveals that its care for the mentally ill evolved from punitive confinement in the 17th century to phases of reform and repression, reflecting broader shifts in psychiatric treatment. The analysis, based on minute-books and account-books, highlights a transition from harsh containment to early medical intervention by the 19th century. Comparisons with other institutions suggest that Lübeck's trajectory was influenced by local governance and societal attitudes, offering insights into the historical development of inpatient care.

Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of a new Upper Ordovician stratigraphic framework for Anticosti Island, Canada

Anticosti — 2010 — WHE54D8E05358

A new Upper Ordovician stratigraphic framework for Anticosti Island, Canada, reveals significant east-west correlations between the Ellis Bay and Vauréal formations, resolving long-standing discrepancies. Chitinozoan biostratigraphy demonstrates that most strata of the Ellis Bay Formation at the eastern end correlate with the mid-upper Vauréal Formation in the west, while the Schmitt Creek and Mill Bay members of the Vauréal are older than the uppermost Vauréal eponym members. The study also identifies a Hirnantian age for the gamachiana Zone and provides insights into the timing and magnitude of the Hirnantian Isotopic Carbon Excursion (HICE), aligning with global stratigraphic data from China and Scotland. This research integrates chitinozoan, geochemical, sedimentological, and sequence stratigraphic data to refine understanding of Upper Ordovician stratigraphy.

Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia

Angkor — 2010 — WHEEBA8C7EBBC

Decades-long droughts followed by intense monsoons, likely driven by tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variations including El Niño events, contributed to the decline of Angkor, Cambodia's ancient Khmer Empire capital. A 750-year hydroclimate reconstruction from Vietnamese tree rings revealed that these extreme climatic conditions strained Angkor's water supply and agricultural productivity while damaging its sophisticated water control infrastructure. The study highlights how low-frequency tropical Pacific climate variations can significantly impact Southeast Asian societies, offering insights into the vulnerability of hydraulic civilizations to climate change.

Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park — 2010 — WHEAF3C846629

Research on Yosemite National Park reveals that projected increases in climatic water deficit (Deficit) due to climate change may significantly alter forest structure and composition. The study found a 23% increase in Deficit from present (1971–2000) to future projections (2020–49), with species like Pinus monticola and Tsuga mertensiana potentially facing disproportionate impacts. Using high-resolution spatial data, the study correlated tree species distributions with actual evapotranspiration (AET) and Deficit across a 2300-meter elevation gradient, showing that species differentiation intensifies under higher Deficit conditions. The research also highlights the importance of fine-scale soil and topographical data in improving vegetation-change projections in heterogeneous mountainous landscapes.

Community based conservation and management of mountain ungulates in Tajikistan

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2010 — WHEE3D85AD21D

Mountain ungulate populations in Tajikistan, including Marco Polo argali, Tajik markhor, and Bukhara urial, face significant threats from poaching and habitat degradation despite state-imposed hunting restrictions. A community-based conservation project initiated in 2008 has shown promise in reversing these declines by engaging former poachers and local communities to manage wildlife sustainably. This approach, supported by NGOs and international organizations, has led to the creation of private conservancies and community initiatives that focus on protection, monitoring, and sustainable use while fostering policy dialogue for long-term conservation. The project highlights the potential for collaborative management to mitigate unsustainable practices and support both biodiversity conservation and local development.

Congo Peafowl use both primary and regenerating forest in Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Salonga National Park — 2010 — WHEABE756ADD1

A study on the Congo Peafowl (Afropavo congensis) reveals that this endangered species, endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo, significantly favors regenerating secondary forest over primary forest for habitat use. Researchers analyzed two contiguous forest blocks in Salonga National Park—one primary and one secondary, with regeneration exceeding 30 years—using systematic transect surveys and exhaustive searches for secondary signs like feathers and droppings. Results showed a higher frequency of peafowl presence in secondary forest, with 19 out of 31 bird sightings occurring there. Microhabitat preferences also differed: birds in secondary forest were closer to watercourses, had fewer large trees, and exhibited lower plant species richness. Additionally, droppings from secondary forest contained fewer taxonomic groups, suggesting dietary or ecological differences. This finding underscores the critical role of old regenerating forests in peafowl conservation, emphasizing their inclusion in habitat connectivity planning to support this vulnerable species.

Conservation at risk: conflict analysis in the Białowieża Forest, a European biodiversity hotspot

Białowieża Forest — 2010 — WHE1B6E4F380B

Neither opposing groups in the Białowieża Forest debate advocate for long-term biodiversity conservation strategies. Persistent tensions stem from mutual distrust, conflicting data interpretations, local vested interests, and economic insecurity among stakeholders. The study suggests a shift toward restoration-oriented management that integrates bottom-up social processes addressing local needs with clear communication of conservation values. Incorporating incentives into legislation and funding is crucial for successful governance and management of this irreplaceable ecosystem.

Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park

Everglades National Park — 2010 — WHE3C94021E36

A mangrove forest in the western Everglades National Park acts as a significant carbon sink, with an annual net ecosystem production (NEP) of 1170 ± 127 g C m⁻², attributed to year-round productivity and low ecosystem respiration. The study, conducted using an eddy covariance system from January 2004 to August 2005, revealed that environmental factors such as diffuse solar irradiance, surface water salinity, and tidal activity play critical roles in controlling carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange between the forest and atmosphere. High salinity (>34 ppt) reduced daily light use efficiency by 46%, while tidal inundation lowered daytime respiration by ∼0.9 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ and nighttime respiration by ∼0.5 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹. These findings suggest that mangrove carbon balance may shift in response to changes in salinity and inundation patterns, potentially due to sea level rise and climate change.

Cooperative Research: An Example from the Wet Tropics of Queensland

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2010 — WHECAC5E9E389

Cooperative research integrating Indigenous and scientific knowledge can effectively guide natural resource management (NRM) strategies, particularly in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. The study demonstrates that multi-directional learning and mutual benefit—achieved through trust-based partnerships and genuine action research outcomes—strengthen both Indigenous knowledge systems and traditional scientific approaches. This approach ensures that Indigenous perspectives on symbolic significance and resource values are equally recognized alongside established scientific methods, fostering cross-transfer of skills and more holistic NRM solutions.

Crossbow fibulae from Gamzigrad (Romuliana)

Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius — 2010 — WHE6C35A8F4F5

A significant collection of 31 crossbow fibulae (Zwiebelknopffibeln) was discovered at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Gamzigrad-Romuliana, representing one of the largest assemblages from a single site in Serbia. These fibulae, primarily found in stratified archaeological units dating from the early 4th to mid-5th century, provide valuable insights into their function and production during this period. Through morphological-typological and stratigraphical-chronological analyses, researchers concluded that these artifacts were not merely decorative but served a functional purpose, likely related to military or ceremonial use.

Dealing with Volcanic Terrains: Conflict, Communication and Consensus Building among Stakeholders of Protected Areas in Iceland and Japan

Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice — 2010 — WHE1BBA7D6EC0

A communicative approach to conflict management can effectively build consensus among stakeholders in protected areas, even across different cultures. This finding emerges from a study comparing stakeholder perspectives in Vatnajökull National Park (Iceland) and Daisetsuzan National Park (Japan). The research employed literature review and surveys to assess opinions on conflict, communication, and consensus-building. Despite cultural differences, the results suggest that open dialogue can foster agreement on management issues, offering a scalable model for protected area governance.