Trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem service Bundles in response to relief degree of land surface in a small watershed of Mount Wuyi

A study on Mount Wuyi's Jiuquxi watershed reveals that ecosystem services, including biodiversity maintenance, carbon sequestration, water yield, and water purification, increase with the relief degree of land surface (RDLS). The research identifies three distinct ecosystem service bundles: eco-fragile (low in all services), eco-regulating (high in all services, dominated by carbon sequestration), and eco-conservation (high in all services, dominated by biodiversity). Eco-fragile bundles cluster in low RDLS regions, while eco-regulating bundles are found in high RDLS areas. The study also uncovers two response patterns of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies to RDLS: an inverted U-shape curve and an N-type curve with inflection points at secondary or quaternary RDLS levels. These findings were derived using models like InVEST, K-mean clustering analysis, and indices such as ESCI and ESTD over the period 2009-2016.

ZHANG Jinlin, 张锦琳，游巍斌，蔡新瑜，何东进. (2023). Trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem service Bundles in response to relief degree of land surface in a small watershed of Mount Wuyi. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(12). https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb202209282758