Analysis of vernacular dwellings in Iraq: A comparative study of Erbil citadel and old Akre

Vernacular architecture in Erbil Citadel and Old Akre, two historic Iraqi settlements, demonstrates context-sensitive design principles that address climatic, topographical, and social factors while maintaining cultural continuity. A comparative analysis reveals how both sites efficiently use locally available resources—such as mud brick and timber in Erbil or stone and lime in Old Akre—to achieve thermal comfort, privacy, and community integration. Erbil’s compact, inward-oriented courtyard houses contrast with Old Akre’s terraced layout, adapted to mountainous terrain, yet both showcase sustainable design strategies that remain relevant for contemporary urban development. This study highlights the potential of traditional practices as a framework for climate-responsive and culturally integrated architecture.

DHUOKI, R. M. S. B., & Çağnan, Ç. (2025). Analysis of vernacular dwellings in Iraq: A comparative study of Erbil citadel and old Akre. Yakın Mimarlık Dergisi, 9(2), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujna2025921089