Cosmetics and Cosmetology at Shahr-I Sokhta

Analysis of stone flagons from Shahr-i Sokhta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, reveals they contained diverse cosmetic mixtures. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified mineral phases—both natural and possibly synthetic—that produced green, blue, and white pigments. The study traces the evolution of these vessels over time, noting morphological changes and their geographical spread. A key discovery is the use of perforated stone caps, likely employed to apply cosmetic powders using bird feathers, challenging previous interpretations as lids or spindle whorls. The research also highlights the economic significance of cosmetology in this ancient civilization.

Vidale, M., Salviulo, G., Zorzi, F., & Mocchiutti, I. (2016). Cosmetics and Cosmetology at Shahr-I Sokhta. Iran, 54(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2016.11879211