A Multianalytical Approach to Identifying the White Marbles Used in Roman Imperial Sculptures from Tarraco (Hispania)

A groundbreaking study challenges long-held assumptions about the marble sources used in Roman Imperial sculptures from Tarraco (modern-day Tarragona, Spain). Using a multimethod approach—combining petrography, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, and trace element composition—the research identifies two previously underrecognized marble varieties, Göktepe near Aphrodisias and Paros-lychnites, alongside Carrara marble. Contrary to prior beliefs that all sculptures were carved from Luni-Carrara marble, this study reveals a more diverse sourcing, with Göktepe emerging as the dominant material for imperial portraits of Trajan, Hadrian, Lucius Verus, and Marcus Aurelius, dating to the 2nd century AD. Strontium concentration and cathodoluminescence proved critical in distinguishing Göktepe from Carrara marble, while isotopes were pivotal for identifying Cycladic marble. These findings prompt a reevaluation of Roman marble trade networks, workshop practices, and the distribution of high-quality marbles during this period.

Lapuente Mercadal, M. P., Clavería, M., & Rodà, I. (2023). A Multianalytical Approach to Identifying the White Marbles Used in Roman Imperial Sculptures from Tarraco (Hispania). Minerals, 14(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010019