Architectural and astronomical heritage of Iran: a study of Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower

Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and Radkan Tower represent pivotal advancements in ancient Iranian astronomical engineering, transitioning from rudimentary shadow-based solar observations to sophisticated calendrical tools. Chogha Zanbil (circa 1250 BC) served as a ceremonial center with observational capabilities, while Radkan Tower (660 AH/1262 AD), designed by Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, achieved precise cardinal and Vernal Equinox alignment. Comparative analysis reveals their dual roles in cultural heritage and scientific innovation, underscoring their significance for Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). The study highlights the integration of celestial knowledge into architecture, advocating for the preservation of such sites as critical components of global astronomical and engineering history.

Amiri, N. A., Majd, A. N., Janpourtaher, M., & Barkeshli, M. (2025). Architectural and astronomical heritage of Iran: a study of Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture, 16(4), 937–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43995-025-00126-z