Digital 3D Borobudur – Integration of 3D surveying and modeling techniques

A comprehensive digital 3D documentation of the Borobudur Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's greatest Buddhist monuments, has been achieved using advanced photogrammetric techniques. This study successfully integrated UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and terrestrial imaging to create high-resolution DEMs (digital elevation models), orthoimages, and maps at scales of 1:100 and 1:1000, providing unprecedented detail for monitoring the temple's structural integrity. The resulting data has been leveraged by local government organizations to inform conservation policies and heritage management strategies, with a web-based information system facilitating easy access and visualization of the 3D models. This approach offers a scalable solution for preserving cultural heritage sites facing deterioration due to natural disasters.

Suwardhi, D., Menna, F., Remondino, F., Hanke, K., & Akmalia, R. (2015). Digital 3D Borobudur – Integration of 3D surveying and modeling techniques. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-5/W7, 417–423. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-417-2015