Biocrusts protect the Great Wall of China from erosion

Biocrusts significantly enhance the mechanical stability and reduce erosion of the Great Wall of China, covering 67% of studied sections. These biological soil crusts decrease porosity, water-holding capacity, erodibility, and salinity by 2 to 48%, while increasing compressive strength, penetration resistance, shear strength, and aggregate stability by 37 to 321%. The protective effects depend on biocrust features, climatic conditions, and structure types. This study highlights the critical role of biocrusts as a nature-based solution for preserving this monumental heritage from erosion.

Cao, Y., Bowker, M. A., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., & Xiao, B. (2023). Biocrusts protect the Great Wall of China from erosion. Science Advances, 9(49). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk5892