The Politics of Natural Resource Enclosure in South Africa and Ecuador

State-led enclosures of natural resources, while intended to promote development and environmental sustainability, often introduce significant changes to property regimes that redefine access and control for tribal and indigenous communities. This study compares two such projects: the iSimangaliso Wetland Park in South Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and Ecuador's Socio Bosque conservation program. By analyzing these cases, researchers highlight the challenges posed by enclosures as a strategy for balancing development goals with environmental protection, particularly for marginalized communities.

Hansen, M., Islar, M., & Krause, T. (2015). The Politics of Natural Resource Enclosure in South Africa and Ecuador. Conservation and Society, 13(3), 287. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.170406