Visualizing water seepage dynamics in grotto relics via atom-based representative model

Water seepage in grotto relics, such as the Dazu Rock Carvings and Yungang Grottoes, follows complex dynamics that significantly impact deterioration processes. A groundbreaking study reveals three distinct seepage behaviors: slow infiltration through micro-channels, faster flow through fractures, and hazardous pipe-like movement in interconnected fracture networks. Researchers used finite element simulations to model macro-scale water flow and molecular dynamics to visualize micro-scale behavior, deriving an atom-based representative model from X-ray diffraction data. The study identified key metrics like water flux (270 ns−1) and mass flow rate (8.10 × 10–12 g s−1), while tracking tagged oxygen atoms' zigzag motion through the rock structure. These findings offer critical insights for understanding and mitigating water damage in fragile cultural heritage sites.

Wang, J. (2023). Visualizing water seepage dynamics in grotto relics via atom-based representative model. Heritage Science, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00832-0