Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the Ming Great Wall

The Ming Great Wall, a monumental engineering achievement and military defense structure, exhibits distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns shaped by warfare with Mongolia. Research combining historical textual analysis, site surveys, and GIS database analysis identifies five construction phases (1368–1620), revealing that defensive facilities like forts and passes were prioritized before continuous wall construction. The study highlights two major construction climaxes during the Chenghua to Zhengde (1465–1521) and Jiajing (1522–1566) periods, culminating in the completion of the entire wall line by 1620. These findings provide critical insights for preserving the integrity and authenticity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, contributing to cultural heritage conservation.

Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2024). Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the Ming Great Wall. Heritage Science, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01198-1