Use of glacial and terrestrial habitats by harbor seals in Glacier Bay, Alaska: costs and benefits

Harbor seals in Glacier Bay, Alaska, exhibit distinct foraging and activity patterns depending on whether they use glacial or terrestrial habitats. Glacial seals travel significantly farther to forage (≥40 km) compared to terrestrial seals (<5 km) and spend more time hauled out (26% vs. 11-16%). Despite the increased foraging costs, glacial seals maintain similar body condition by consuming higher-quality pelagic fish diets, which may offset energy expenditures and support lactation efficiency. This study highlights the adaptability of harbor seals to different habitats, providing insights into their resilience in the face of climate change-induced glacial retreat.

Blundell, G., Womble, J., Pendleton, G., Karpovich, S., Gende, S., & Herreman, J. (2011). Use of glacial and terrestrial habitats by harbor seals in Glacier Bay, Alaska: costs and benefits. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 429, 277–290. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09073