Petrochemical attributes of glazed architectural elements from Middle-Elamite to Achaemenid excavation sites in Iran

A groundbreaking analysis of glazed architectural elements from Middle-Elamite to Achaemenid sites in Iran reveals the use of regionally specific halophyte species for soda production, a key component in ancient glassmaking. The study, which includes samples from Qalaichi, Rabat, Hasanlu, Ziwiye, Chogha Zanbil, Susa, and Persepolis, identifies sodium-antimonate as a distinct white colourant and opacifier in certain glazes. Using advanced techniques such as petrographic microscopy, back-scattered electron imaging, and electron probe microanalysis, researchers characterized the microstructure and alteration phenomena of these glazes, providing unprecedented insights into ancient production chains. The findings highlight regionally and temporally contrasting alteration processes, offering a deeper understanding of the evolution of glazed decoration in Iran.

Raith, M. M., Abdali, N., & Yule, P. A. (2022). Petrochemical attributes of glazed architectural elements from Middle-Elamite to Achaemenid excavation sites in Iran. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01648-6