Natural versus anthropogenic subsidence of Venice

Venice's subsidence shows distinct natural and anthropogenic components, with natural processes contributing 0.9 ± 0.7 mm/year due to heterogeneous subsoil, while human activities cause localized displacements ranging from -10 to 2 mm/year. This distinction was achieved using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) with C-band and X-band satellite data, revealing the effectiveness of high-resolution sensors in monitoring short-term movements linked to urban interventions.

Tosi, L., Teatini, P., & Strozzi, T. (2013). Natural versus anthropogenic subsidence of Venice. Scientific Reports, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02710