The Borobudur temple: the Buddhist architecture in Indonesia

Borobudur Temple, located in Java, Indonesia, stands as a timeless masterpiece of Buddhist architecture and sculpture, embodying intricate symbolism and cosmology. This study reveals the temple's profound synthesis of Buddhist beliefs with regional Javanese culture, translating complex religious concepts into a three-dimensional mandala structure. The research explores the temple's genesis, its rediscovery after centuries of neglect, and the deep cultural significance embedded in its architectural form, reliefs, and sculptures. Borobudur not only represents an exceptional example of intercultural fusion but also underscores the need for its preservation due to its enduring influence on local Buddhist communities.

Kowal, K. (2019). The Borobudur temple: the Buddhist architecture in Indonesia. Budownictwo I Architektura, 18(2), 005–019. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.550