Characterisation of PM2.5 concentrations and turbulent fluxes on a island of the Venice lagoon using high temporal resolution measurements

A seasonal pattern in PM2.5 turbulent fluxes was identified, with daytime positive values during winter and negative during summer, indicating significant atmospheric influence on deposition velocities. The study also revealed that high wind velocities from the water sector contributed to larger emissions, suggesting a notable role of sea spray in PM2.5 fluxes. Additionally, diurnal winds from the Adriatic Sea and nocturnal winds from the Alps influenced deposition velocity, creating an increase in negative fluxes during morning sea breeze onset. The research utilized high-resolution optical PM2.5 detectors coupled with micrometeorological stations to measure vertical turbulent fluxes using eddy-correlation techniques across three seasons.

Donateo, A., Contini, D., Belosi, F., Gambaro, A., Santachiara, G., Cesari, D., & Prodi, F. (2012). Characterisation of PM2.5 concentrations and turbulent fluxes on a island of the Venice lagoon using high temporal resolution measurements. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(4), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0354