Armenian Inscriptions and Graffiti of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem

Over seventy Armenian inscriptions and graffiti, the oldest dating to the early 13th century, have been identified within the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. This study highlights twenty of these inscriptions, providing a glimpse into the historical presence and contributions of Armenians in the Holy Land, particularly at this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The research involved two brief visits to the church, during which inscriptions were meticulously documented and analyzed. These findings contribute to our understanding of medieval Armenian cultural and religious activity in a significant Christian pilgrimage destination.

(Ed.). (2026). Armenian Inscriptions and Graffiti of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem. Writing in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1484/m.celama-eb.5.151599