Investigation of Rainwater Quality in Erbil Province and the Feasibility of Various Uses

Rainwater quality in Erbil Province, Iraq, varies significantly by location, with samples from outside the city center and hilly or mountainous zones being cleaner than those from urban areas. The study found that rainwater is generally suitable for irrigation, fish production, swimming, and building without treatment, while minimal sedimentation and disinfection are required for drinking and domestic use. Researchers analyzed 21 parameters, including sulfate, turbidity, and pH, using samples collected between December 2019 and February 2020 from six distinct areas, including the Erbil Citadel. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation visualized these findings, providing spatial insights into rainwater quality across different terrains.

Qarani Aziz, S., Ahmed Alrawi, R. A., Dizayee, K. K., Khalil, C., Shaheed, I. M., & Mustafa, J. S. (2023). Investigation of Rainwater Quality in Erbil Province and the Feasibility of Various Uses. Environmental Protection Research, 240–262. https://doi.org/10.37256/epr.3220232256