Reproductive biology and genetic diversity of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Vamizi island, Mozambique

A small but resilient population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Vamizi Island, Mozambique, shows signs of behavioral plasticity and genetic diversity despite threats from human activity and climate change. Over an eight-year study (2003–2010), researchers documented high hatching (88.5%) and emergence success rates (84.5%), along with 11 distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes—seven of which were newly identified. However, the population exhibited a decline in nesting female size, shorter incubation periods, and increased nest flooding on east- and south-facing beaches, suggesting heightened vulnerability to environmental shifts. The study highlights the need for enhanced conservation efforts, particularly as Vamizi may be considered for UNESCO World Heritage recognition due to its potential Outstanding Universal Value.

Anastácio, R., Santos, C., Lopes, C., Moreira, H., Souto, L., Ferrão, J., Garnier, J., & Pereira, M. J. (2014). Reproductive biology and genetic diversity of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Vamizi island, Mozambique. SpringerPlus, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-540