Political Conditions in the Northern Arabian Peninsula and its Influence on the Trade of the ancient Yemen from the (4th Century BC – 2nd Century AD)

A shift from land to maritime trade routes via the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf marked a significant transformation in ancient Yemen's economic foundations, driven by political instability in the northern Arabian Peninsula. This study reveals that the region's strategic location at the crossroads of ancient trade networks led to successive dominance by empires like the Seleucids, Ptolemies, Romans, Parthians, and Nabataeans, culminating in the Taurus dynasty's control. However, political deterioration and the rise of pomegranate control accelerated the transition to maritime routes, capitalizing on monsoon winds and reshaping Yemeni trade. The research employed historical methods to analyze these conditions, highlighting how frankincense-based economies pivoted toward agriculture due to this shift.

Al-Raeeini, M. H. (2025). الأوضاع السياسية في شمال الجزيرة العربية وتأثيرها على تجارة اليمن القديم من القرن الرابع قبل الميلاد إلى القرن الثاني ميلادي. Arts, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.35696/joa.v13i3.2735