On Competition between Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) and Javan Bull (Bos Javanicus) at Ujung Kulon National Park with Allee Effect

A mathematical model reveals that the Javan rhino population at Ujung Kulon National Park is stagnating around 50 individuals due to competition with Javan bulls and an Allee effect, which impairs mating success. The study demonstrates that despite sufficient habitat, inbreeding and solitary behavior limit population growth. Bifurcation analysis identifies critical thresholds where small population declines trigger irreversible collapse. Simulations suggest targeted conservation strategies—such as reducing bull density or enhancing social interactions—could reverse the trend.

Harjanto, E., & Mentari, R. (2019). On Competition between Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) and Javan Bull (Bos Javanicus) at Ujung Kulon National Park with Allee Effect. Communication in Biomathematical Sciences, 2(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2019.2.1.5