King Jeongjo and Suwon Hwaseong Fortress : Realization of the Hongik Ingan Spirit and Modern Implications

Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, designed under King Jeongjo's vision during the Joseon Dynasty, stands as a testament to the realization of the 'Hongik Ingan' (enlightening the people) spirit through architectural innovation and philosophical depth. This fortress exemplifies sustainable urban planning principles by integrating defensive functions with civic welfare, utilizing natural topography, and emphasizing public spaces—a model that remains relevant today. The study highlights its historical significance through the systematic use of cranes and resource management during construction, documented in 'Hwaseong Seongyeok Gae,' a valuable record of technological and administrative achievements. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Hwaseong Fortress is recognized globally for its cultural value and serves as a blueprint for sustainable development, offering timeless lessons in leadership and urban design that address modern challenges like environmental sustainability and social cohesion.

Lee, C. K. (2025). King Jeongjo and Suwon Hwaseong Fortress : Realization of the Hongik Ingan Spirit and Modern Implications. Journal of Korean Sundo Culture, 38(0), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.35573/jksc.38.3