Investigation and Removal Method of Efflorescence Phenomenon of Traditional Bricks - Focusing on the Efflorescence of Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon -

Efflorescence on traditional bricks at Suwon Hwaseong Fortress is primarily caused by soluble salts (sodium sulfate and potassium nitrate) and insoluble calcium carbonate. These salts originate from air pollution and joint mortar, with soluble salts being washed away during rainy seasons while insoluble salts persist. Chemical E was identified as the most effective and safe solution for removing efflorescence without damaging the bricks. The study also highlighted that modern repair bricks exhibit significantly lower water absorption rates (1%) compared to original bricks, necessitating further research on the suitability of lime in future conservation efforts.

Chung, Kwang Yong, & Cha, Hyun-Seok. (2013). Investigation and Removal Method of Efflorescence Phenomenon of Traditional Bricks - Focusing on the Efflorescence of Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon -. Journal of Architectural History, 22(6), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.7738/JAH.2013.22.6.059