The Woman from Rakhigarhi: Ancient Genome I6113

Ancient DNA analysis of I6113, a 35-year-old woman from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), reveals that her ancestry is a mixture of ancient Iranian-related populations and Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI), with no evidence of steppe pastoralist or Anatolian farmer influence. This challenges the notion of external demographic replacement in IVC's formation. The study also identifies IVC-cline ancestry in individuals from non-IVC sites, suggesting a distributed human diaspora that maintained symbolic systems across vast distances without central enforcement. The research required extensive skeletal sampling and sequencing efforts to extract viable ancient DNA.

Vondoom, A. (2026). The Woman from Rakhigarhi: Ancient Genome I6113. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20369711