Cosmology and Cultural Ecology as Reflected in Borobudur Buddhist Temple

Borobudur Temple Compounds, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Central Java, embodies Buddhist teachings on cosmology and cultural ecology through its intricate reliefs. The study reveals that the temple's design, particularly at the Mahakarmavibanggain Kamadhatubase level, reflects the Causal Law of dependent origination (Pratyasamutpada), showcasing a deep connection between human actions and environmental harmony. Natural elements like trees, plants, and forests dominate the reliefs, illustrating complex relationships that convey moral, aesthetic, spiritual, and ecological messages. The research highlights Borobudur's potential as a model for addressing contemporary environmental challenges by emphasizing ethical principles for maintaining balance among natural elements, animals, and humans.

Suamba, Dr. I. P. (2023). Cosmology and Cultural Ecology as Reflected in Borobudur Buddhist Temple. Journal of International Buddhist Studies, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.65680/2385612015