A multi-model approach for analyzing water balance dynamics in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

A multi-model hydrological analysis of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, reveals consistent water balance dynamics across three distinct models (SWAT, HBV, and BTOPMC), with annual runoff accounting for 55–59% of precipitation and evapotranspiration showing minimal inter-annual variation. While estimates of total water storage varied, all models agreed on long-term averages, providing a robust range for future water resource planning. The study demonstrates that multi-model approaches can effectively capture seasonal and temporal variations in water balance components, offering valuable insights for sustainable water management in the region.

Thapa, B. R., Ishidaira, H., Pandey, V. P., & Shakya, N. M. (2017). A multi-model approach for analyzing water balance dynamics in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 9, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.12.080