Urban Expansion of Erbil and the Effects of Environmental During the Period 1947-2017 (a Study in the Geography of Cities)

Erbil has undergone significant urban expansion from 1947 to 2017, with its growth centered around the Erbil Citadel. The study reveals that the city's expansion has been influenced by its semi-arid continental climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters. Located in the fertile Erbil plain, the citadel rises 26.5 meters above the surrounding city, which sits at an elevation of 412 meters above sea level. The research utilized GIS maps from the Ministry of Municipalities and Urban Planning Directorate to analyze urban growth patterns and environmental impacts over seven decades.

S. M, N. (2019). URBAN EXPANSION OF ERBIL AND THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DURING THE PERIOD 1947-2017 (A STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF CITIES). The Journal of the University of Duhok, 22(1), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2019.22.1.26