Sustainability-based hybridization interventions, the urban fabric of Erbil Citadel - Iraq – As a case study

Sustainable hybridization interventions can effectively balance tradition and modernity within historical urban fabrics, as demonstrated by the Erbil Citadel in Iraq. This study reveals that such interventions—measured through open spaces, movement axes, and functional hybridization—enhance sustainability while preserving cultural integrity. By analyzing restoration efforts using computer-aided planning tools, researchers identified a holistic model for hybridization that aligns with ancient urban structures. The findings suggest that successful hybridization depends on factors ensuring consistency with historical fabric and contemporary needs, offering a scalable approach to urban conservation worldwide.

Haseeb, Q. S., Yunus, S. M., & Aziz, A. I. (2023). Sustainability-based hybridization interventions, the urban fabric of Erbil Citadel - Iraq – As a case study. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 75, 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.04.064