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Guidelines for a Digital Reinterpretation of Architectural Restoration Work: Reality-Based Models and Reverse Modelling Techniques Applied to the Architectural Decoration of the Teatro Marittimo, Villa Adriana

Villa Adriana (Tivoli) — 2017 — WHE0ECE007049

A digital reinterpretation of the architectural restoration work at the Teatro Marittimo, part of Villa Adriana (Tivoli), reveals inconsistencies and errors in the 1950s anastylosis process. This study leverages advanced surveying techniques—including laser scanning and photogrammetry—to reconstruct the original layout of fragmented decorations, particularly focusing on the frieze's miscellaneous elements. By analyzing the opus caementicium remains, researchers identify reference surfaces and cross-sections to achieve precise fragment placement, offering a more accurate restoration model. This approach provides critical insights into the challenges posed by past restoration efforts and sets guidelines for future digital reinterpretations of similar architectural sites.

Guider au temps des médiations

Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne — 2017 — WHE3F676DFA8C

Guiding practices at the Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne reveal that the role of guides transcends traditional knowledge transmission, focusing instead on fostering passion for history and a desire to learn. Unlike audioguides or autonomous exploration, guided tours led by volunteers—often referred to as 'wardens'—prioritize human interaction and shared experience over structured information. This study highlights how such informal mediation strengthens the connection between visitors and heritage sites, blending modern expectations with timeless storytelling traditions. The research employed qualitative inquiry, observing these guides in action to uncover the nuances of their approach.

Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago

Galápagos Islands — 2017 — WHE065FA22ED1

Habitat filtering, not dispersal limitation, primarily shapes the species composition of oceanic island floras, including those in the Galápagos archipelago. This counterintuitive finding emerges from a comprehensive analysis of ~39,000 plant species, their phylogeny, dispersal strategies, and climatic suitability. The study suggests that only a subset of continental species, with specific niche requirements, can establish themselves on remote islands, which may explain the prevalence of adaptive radiation in such environments. This challenges the long-held assumption that dispersal limitation is the dominant factor in species assembly on oceanic islands.

Habsburg’s Passion for “Indian” Goods to Create the Most Precious Cabinets of Schönbrunn Palace

Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn — 2017 — WHE6F9ABD1E48

A significant collection of 'Indian' objects, integral to the creation of opulent room ensembles at Schönbrunn Palace, existed at the Viennese court by the mid-18th century. This discovery sheds light on Emperor Francis I's and Maria Theresa's role in fostering such collections, which included rare plants, animals, and artworks, as part of their broader passion for extraordinary goods. The study examines how these 'Indian' objects were integrated into the palace's design, contributing to its renowned artistic and cultural significance. By analyzing historical records and imperial residences, the research reconstructs the context and purpose of these collections, providing insights into Habsburg monarchs' eclectic tastes and their influence on European courtly culture.

Hacia la institucionalización de la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico en el área Maya. La Contrata de Copán

Maya Site of Copan — 2017 — WHEA61086D79E

A groundbreaking agreement between the Harvard University Peabody Museum and the Honduras Government in 1891 marked a pivotal moment for Maya heritage conservation. This convention established the first long-term archaeological project in the region, setting a precedent for foreign interventions at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Copán. The study delves into the context and implications of this contract through exhaustive documentary research, including previously unpublished data. It reveals how this legal framework reshaped archaeological research practices in the Maya area, leaving a lasting impact on heritage conservation strategies.

Harmonien und Disharmonien in der UNESCO Welterbekulturlandschaft Fertö/Neusiedlersee am Beispiel Purbach und Illmitz

Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHEC6635985AB

A transboundary UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Fertö/Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape, exhibits both harmonious and disharmonious elements in its settlement structures. The study identifies key architectural values essential for preserving its unique character while allowing for sustainable development. Through comparative analysis of two settlements—Purbach (Austria) and Illmitz (Hungary)—it reveals that while both share continuous parcellation patterns, Purbach maintains higher historical substance due to material durability and economic factors. Disharmonies, often stemming from minor, unregulated interventions, can be mitigated with targeted measures to restore or uphold visual coherence. The research provides actionable insights for balancing conservation with evolution in this culturally significant region.

Healing Rate of Logging Wounds on Broadleaf Trees in Hyrcanian Forest with Some Technological Implications

Hyrcanian Forests — 2017 — WHE4619142DE3

A study on the Hyrcanian Forests reveals that logging wounds on broadleaf trees heal at rates ranging from 6.4 to 24.0 mm per year, with significant variations influenced by tree species, slope aspect, elevation, wound age, and type. Notably, Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus subcordata, and Fagus orientalis exhibit the highest healing rates (17.9–24.0 mm/yr), while Tilia begonifolia shows the slowest (6.4 mm/yr). Wounds on northern slopes heal faster than those on southern slopes, and horizontal wounds outpace vertical ones. Healing is also more rapid in stands with 60–80% canopy closure and decreases with wound width or age. These findings underscore the importance of selective logging practices to minimize long-term impacts on forest productivity.

Heavy metal contamination in surface runoff sediments of the urban area of Vilnius, Lithuania; pp. 13–20

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2017 — WHE65DADD9E43

A study of surface runoff sediments in Vilnius, Lithuania, reveals significant heavy metal contamination (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ba, As, and Fe), particularly in central urban areas with intense traffic. Geospatial analysis identified active pollution sources, while principal components analysis and t-tests distinguished seasonal differences in sediment composition between autumn and winter samples. The research highlights the role of permeable surfaces and green spaces in mitigating urban waterway pollution, offering a method to trace contamination origins and assess its environmental impact.

Height-diameter allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights from the Albertine Rift in Africa

Kahuzi-Biega National Park — 2017 — WHECDCE0FE20A

African tropical montane forests exhibit significant variation in height-diameter allometry with altitude, which introduces substantial biases if regional models are used to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB). A study across Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Albertine Rift revealed that while AGB ranged from 168 to 290 Mg ha⁻¹ without significant differences between forest types, tree size decreased and stem density increased with altitude. The research highlights that different height-diameter allometric models perform better for distinct forest types, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in future studies. Soil attributes, particularly potassium levels and acidity, also significantly influenced AGB, underscoring the complex interplay of structural, taxonomic, and environmental factors in shaping biomass dynamics.

Henderson Island’s Plastic: An Explanation

Henderson Island — 2017 — WHE990561E34F

Henderson Island, a pristine UNESCO World Heritage Site, has become a significant repository for plastic waste due to the accumulation of debris transported by a broad, permanent surface current. This current, characterized by its high temperature, shallow depth (around 100 meters), and sluggish speed (10-20 cm/sec), flows southeastward past the island, which is located at the midpoint of this extensive warm current spanning over 5000 km along 28 S. The study suggests that understanding the origin of this plastic waste more precisely could potentially mitigate its accumulation on Henderson Island's beaches, offering a path to preserve this unique environment.

Heritage : chain, hierarchies and conflicts an ethnography of the Tierradentro Archaeological Park and Nasa Indigenous Territory, Colombia

National Archeological Park of Tierradentro — 2017 — WHE29F97B8B8A

The designation of the Tierradentro Archaeological Park as a UNESCO World Heritage Site has exacerbated intercultural conflicts within the Nasa Indigenous Territory in Colombia, primarily due to the lack of consultation with indigenous communities during heritage management planning. This study reveals that the 'World Heritage Chain'—comprising international, national, and local governance structures—has inadvertently deepened tensions by prioritizing global heritage recognition over local indigenous perspectives. Through ethnographic mapping of discourses and key conflict points, the research identifies how the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History's management plan for Tierradentro overlooked Nasa governance, leading to escalating disputes since 2006. The findings underscore the need for inclusive, culturally sensitive approaches in heritage conservation that balance global recognition with indigenous rights and local governance.

Heritage and Identity in the Early Twentieth-Century Preservation of the San Antonio Missions

San Antonio Missions — 2017 — WHED955EF213A

Early twentieth-century preservation efforts at San Antonio’s Spanish missions reveal how heritage memory and identity were constructed through architectural restoration. Led by figures like Adina De Zavala, the Daughters of the Republic of Texas, and the San Antonio Conservation Society, these initiatives transformed the missions from romanticized symbols of a colonial past into emblematic representations of San Antonio’s modern identity. The 1936 large-scale restoration of Mission San José marked a shift in understanding the historical and architectural significance of the city’s Spanish colonial heritage, reflecting broader national trends in colonial-era design revival.

Heritage Conservation: Authenticity and Vulnerability of Living Heritage Sites in Melaka State

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2017 — WHECF84C02FFA

Living heritage sites in Melaka, such as Kampung Morten, Kampung Chetti, and Kampung Portugis, serve as vital platforms for expressing cultural identity and sharing knowledge across generations. A study involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with community members revealed that these sites foster a sense of pride and continuity, despite challenges related to authenticity and modernization. Participants emphasized the role of living heritage in preserving ethnic-specific traditions and maintaining relevance in a multicultural society. The research highlights the importance of local community participation in conservation efforts, aligning with UNESCO's requirements for World Heritage Sites like Melaka and George Town.

Heritage Contests: What Can We Learn from Social Movements?

Pasargadae — 2017 — WHE3507F7AE41

A new framework integrating social movement theory with heritage research reveals how collective identity and heritage are co-produced through political and interpretive processes. By applying this approach to the World Heritage site of Pasargadae, Iran, the study demonstrates that heritage activists can successfully advance their perspectives within official discourse, leading to the inclusion of pre-Islamic heritage in the Islamic republic's narrative. This method addresses gaps in existing heritage research by offering a set of questions that open new avenues for analyzing heritage movements and contests.

Heritage Management: The Case of Two Baroque Churches in Ilocos Region, Philippines

Baroque Churches of the Philippines — 2017 — WHE042ED6E1D4

While adequate laws exist to protect the UNESCO-listed Baroque churches of Paoay and Sta. Maria in the Philippines, enforcement remains inconsistent, particularly due to local government funding constraints. The study reveals that parish priests play a pivotal role in preservation success, underscoring their need for conservation expertise. Management is shared among task forces, municipal governments, homeowners associations, NGOs (Paoay), or heritage district councils (Sta. Maria). Though local governments are supportive, financial limitations hinder Sta. Maria's compliance with protection requirements.

Heritage Politics and Neglected Traditions: A Case-Study of Skellig Michael

Sceilg Mhichíl — 2017 — WHE980ED16FD9

Skellig Michael, a UNESCO World Heritage Site off the southwest coast of Ireland, exemplifies shifting heritage dynamics driven by local community engagement and evolving relationships with national and international governance. The study reveals that while Skellig Michael's cultural practices have undergone significant changes, these transformations are not solely top-down but also reflect grassroots initiatives aimed at preserving its unique heritage. This case-study highlights the tension between traditional conservation approaches and emerging community-led models of heritage protection, offering insights into how local stakeholders navigate global UNESCO frameworks while maintaining their own cultural narratives.

Heritage Tourism, Youth Livelihoods, and Conservation Governance in Zanzibar Stone Town: A Longitudinal Analysis (2000–2026)

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2017 — WHE3C50FED101

A significant but precarious reliance on tourism for youth incomes is evident in Zanzibar Stone Town, with over 60% of surveyed youth deriving primary income from the sector. This longitudinal analysis (2000–2026) reveals a persistent gap between formal conservation policy and informal economic practices, particularly among youth-led cultural enterprises operating at the margins of regulations. The study highlights adaptive but often unsustainable livelihood strategies that both challenge and sustain the heritage landscape. To address this, the research proposes integrating youth-led informal enterprises into formal conservation and business development frameworks, co-designing capacity-building programmes with youth stakeholders, and reforming governance structures to enable more participatory decision-making. The analysis employs a mixed-methods case study design, synthesising policy analysis, structured surveys of youth involved in the tourism economy, and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders.

Heritage under pressure the case of the “bypass” in Gjirokastra world heritage site Albania

Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra — 2017 — WHE38CCC57956

A planned bypass road project in Gjirokastra, Albania, despite its initial intent to redirect traffic and create a pedestrian zone, poses significant threats to the Historic Centre of Gjirokastra. The 'Forum for the Protection of the Values of Gjirokastra' identified five key technical and legal arguments demonstrating that the project endangers the structural integrity and Outstanding Universal Values of the city. These concerns were raised during a public consultation but ignored by authorities. A detailed report, involving multidisciplinary expertise, highlighted the multi-level impacts of the project, including procedural flaws and potential heritage damage.

Herpetofaunal species presence in buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) versus native vegetation‐dominated habitats at Uluṟu‐Kata Tjuṯa National Park

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park — 2017 — WHECEE9D31CD3

Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) habitats at Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park support significantly higher herpetofaunal species richness compared to native vegetation-dominated areas, including Themeda grasses. Despite concerns about invasive species impacting biodiversity, this study found that buffel grass-dominated zones hosted more reptile and amphibian diversity than expected, though the relationship may be influenced by factors such as proximity to breeding sites or abiotic conditions rather than the grass itself. Researchers analyzed 26 sampling locations around Uluru using vegetation transects and pitfall traps, identifying five distinct vegetation communities and applying indicator species analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling to assess herpetofaunal patterns.

Heteroglossic heritage and the first-place of the Kalahari

Tsodilo — 2017 — WHEE6B85F36DA

Heteroglossic heritage allows multiple social groups to coexist without dissonance, reaffirming shared identities through emotional performances during heritage tourism. This study demonstrates that visitors' affect-mediated encounters with heritage places, such as Tsodilo Hills in Botswana, facilitate the maintenance of collective identity for local ethnic communities, national citizens, and global segments. Using Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia, the research explores how archaeology and tourism interplay to enable diverse claims to a 'first-place'—a place attributed with origin narratives—within postcolonial nation-building contexts. The findings highlight that heritage discourse is inherently heteroglossic, particularly when politicized and re-spatialized through modernizing tourism development.