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Publications

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How did rivers in the wet tropics (NE Queensland, Australia) respond to climate changes over the past 30 000 years?

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2017 — WHEB4B0FE994C

A complex, non-linear relationship between river behavior and climate change emerges from a 30,000-year analysis of the Wet Tropics of Queensland. The study reveals that periods of fluvial aggradation (sediment deposition) occurred synchronously at 30–13 ka, 8–5 ka, and after 1 ka, while terrace incision (erosion) dominated between 13–8 ka and 5–1 ka. Contrary to expectations, river responses did not consistently align with wetter or drier conditions, suggesting that other continental-scale factors may have played a significant role in shaping fluvial dynamics during the Late Quaternary in Australia. The research integrates multiple palaeoenvironmental proxies to reconstruct these changes, offering insights into the resilience and vulnerability of tropical river systems under climate variability.

How Gonzalo Pizarro arrived at the city of Cuzco, and how it was resolved by the Spaniards to reconnoitre the force that was at Ur cos, and what happened

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE81F33CACB4

Historical analysis reveals that Gonzalo Pizarro's arrival in Cuzco and the subsequent Spanish strategic discussions exposed tensions between returning conquistadors and their leaders. The study, based on primary accounts by Pedro de Cieza de León, highlights how Hernando Pizarro convened key figures to assess Almagro's return from Chile, sparking debates over honor, exploration motives, and potential losses. The research approach combines narrative reconstruction with critical examination of colonial records, offering insights into the political and military dynamics of 16th-century Peru during the War of Las Salinas.

How Hernando Pizarro continued to approach the city of Cuzco , and how Almagro was very infirm , and how he held a review of his forces

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE020E58F6C0

A historical analysis reveals the strategic caution and determination of Hernando Pizarro as he approached the city of Cuzco during the Peruvian Civil Wars. The study, based on primary sources including accounts by Pedro de Cieza de León, highlights how Pizarro's forces avoided detection by rival scouts while advancing, despite Almagro's reported illness or death. This careful maneuvering underscores the tactical complexity and high stakes of the conflict, where Pizarro's ambition to defeat Almagro in battle was balanced against the need for secrecy and precision in military operations. The research provides a detailed narrative of this pivotal moment, offering insights into the dynamics of 16th-century Spanish conquest strategies.

How Hernando Pizarro left the city of Cuzco with a large company, and went to the camp of Pedro De CANDíA, and how he ordered retribution to be inflicted on Captain Mesa.

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE2510B86317

Historical analysis reveals the strategic maneuvering and political intrigue of Hernando Pizarro following the execution of Adelantado Don Diego de Almagro. The study, drawn from Pedro de Cieza de León's account of the Civil Wars in Peru, highlights how Pizarro strategically moved with a large force to the camp of Pedro de Candia, ostensibly to prevent opposition from Chilean forces but likely to avoid detection of his plans by potential adversaries like Captain Mesa and Villagran. His use of a small, seemingly recreational escort—carrying falcons—served as a tactical deception to conceal his true intentions, illustrating the complexities of power dynamics and military strategy during this period.

How Hernando Pizarro sent a letter by Pero Gallego to the Captain Alonzo de Alvarado, and how Pedro de Lerma sent letters by Palomino to the city of Cuzco, and how the Adelantado Don Diego de Almagro sent Diego de Alvarado and Gomez de Alvarado and others to the bridge of Abancay to notify the Captain Alvarado, who had already arrived there; and what else happened

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE6B9FDE6E93

The historical account reveals the strategic use of disguised messengers during the Peruvian civil wars, highlighting Pero Gallego's covert journey from Cuzco to warn Captain Alonzo de Alvarado. Gallego, disguised as an Indian with a sling and hollow cane concealing Pizarro's letter, demonstrated the effectiveness of stealth communication in high-stakes political conflicts. The study, drawn from Pedro de Cieza de León’s Civil Wars in Peru, underscores the ingenuity of messaging tactics during this turbulent period, offering insights into 16th-century Andean warfare and diplomacy.

How Hernando Pizarro, Lieutenantfor the Governor, the Captain Gonzalo Pizarro and the others under arrest, were taken to Almagro, who would not see them, and ordered them to be taken as prisoners to the house of Diego Nuñez de Mercado; and how Almagro was received in the city of Cuzco as governor

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE066828337E

A historical account reveals the tense aftermath of the capture of Spanish captains Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro during the Civil Wars in Peru. Almagro, the newly appointed governor, refused to meet the prisoners, citing their role in fracturing his friendship with Governor Francisco Pizarro. The captives were briefly held at Diego de Mercado's residence before being transferred to the Temple of the Sun, where they remained under guard for an extended period. This narrative sheds light on the political intricacies and power struggles during this turbulent era, offering insights into the dynamics of colonial governance in Cuzco.

How migrants keep Italian families Italian: badanti and the private care of older people

City of Verona — 2017 — WHE5E2A300589

Migrant caregivers, known as 'badanti,' play a crucial role in maintaining Italy's tradition of family care for older people, despite the precarious and often exploitative nature of their employment. This study reveals an uneasy but interdependent relationship between badanti, Italian families, and elderly individuals, highlighting contradictions in Italian politics regarding care and migration. Through in-depth interviews with 20 badanti, relatives, and social workers in Verona, along with secondary material analysis, the research exposes the complexities and moral dilemmas inherent in this dynamic. While the findings are not generalizable due to the small sample size, they underscore the indispensability of informal migrant care in contemporary Italy and call for policy attention.

How old is the Tasmanian cultural landscape? A test of landscape openness using quantitative land‐cover reconstructions

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2017 — WHE471323B6AB

A study challenging long-held assumptions about Tasmania's landscape evolution reveals that treeless vegetation, not rainforests, dominated the Holocene era in the Dove Lake region of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. By employing advanced pollen-based quantitative land-cover reconstructions and mechanistic models—specifically the REVEALS model with a Lagrangian stochastic approach—the research demonstrates that landscape openness has persisted at around 50% throughout the Holocene, contradicting theories suggesting late-Holocene transitions from rainforest to moorland. The findings indicate a rapid decline in forest cover around 4,000 years ago, likely due to regional moisture reduction, and highlight the underrepresentation of landscape openness in traditional pollen percentage analyses.

How the Adelantado Don Diego de Almagro, having taken counsel concerning what should be done, sent Lorenzo de Aldana and Vasco de Guevara as messengers to Hernando Pizarro who, with his followers, had come forth from the city of Cuzco; and what passed between them

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE17586F5042

A historical account reveals the strategic negotiations and diplomatic tensions surrounding Diego de Almagro's quest to claim governance of Cuzco, a pivotal city in Peru. The text describes his calculated approach—avoiding conflict while asserting his legitimacy as Governor through secret correspondence and messengers—to secure political recognition without resorting to violence. This narrative underscores the importance of diplomacy in colonial power struggles, illustrating how personal relationships (e.g., with Hernando Pizarro) influenced outcomes. The study draws from primary sources, including Cieza de León's chronicles, to reconstruct this pivotal moment in Peruvian history.

How the Alcalde Alonso Palomino and Don Antonio de Rivera arrived at the city of Cuzco, and what happened.

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE74C5970A68

Historical analysis reveals how the arrival of Alcalde Alonso Palomino and Don Antonio de Rivera in Cuzco during the Spanish conquest disrupted local stability, exacerbating tensions among indigenous groups and colonizers. The study highlights Vaca de Castro's strategic response to the Ordinances from Juan de Cáceres, demonstrating diplomatic restraint amid escalating conflict. By examining primary sources, including accounts by Pedro de Cieza de León, this research reconstructs the political dynamics of the period, offering insights into the social and governance challenges faced during the transition from Inca rule to Spanish colonization in Peru.

How the captain Gonzalo Pizarro arrived at the city of Cuzco, accompanied by some followers, but had not laid aside his rebellious design of occupying the Realm; and of what else happened.

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE624A72C95C

A historical analysis of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro's rebellion against the Spanish Crown in Cuzco, Peru, reveals how persistent incitement by followers and flatterers led to widespread conflict. The study highlights the destructive consequences of ambition, vengeance, and social unrest, drawing parallels between colonial Peru and broader historical patterns where leaders were manipulated into calamities. Inscribed on a stone memorial in Cuzco, Pizarro's rebellion is documented as a pivotal moment that forever branded him as a traitor, illustrating the fragility of governance in turbulent environments.

How the Governor Don Francisco Pizarro arrived at the fortress of Huarcu, where he received news of the entry of Don Diego de Almagro into the city of Cuzco, and of his brothers having been made prisoners, and of his feelings on receiving the news

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHEE48CB306AC

Historical accounts reveal the emotional and strategic impact of Governor Don Francisco Pizarro's journey to the fortress of Huarcu, where he received critical news about his brothers' captivity during a prolonged siege in Cuzco. The narrative underscores the psychological toll on Pizarro, marked by anxiety and fear for his kin, alongside his military strategy of rapid marches through arid terrains. This firsthand account, drawn from Pedro de Cieza de León's chronicles, provides a vivid portrayal of the tensions and decisions shaping the Civil Wars in Peru during the 16th century.

How the Governor Don Francisco Pizarro left the city of the Kings with more than 400 Spaniards marching by the coast road, on his way to the city of Cuzco

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE1739FD135C

A critical historical analysis reveals how Governor Don Francisco Pizarro, facing a widespread indigenous uprising against Spanish rule in Peru during the 16th century, strategically mobilized over 400 Spaniards from the city of the Kings (Lima) to reinforce and retake Cuzco. This reinforcement, led by Captains Diego de Fuenmayor and Pedro de Vergara, arrived from Española (Hispaniola), where local authorities had raised a relief force in response to reports of Pizarro's precarious situation. The expedition not only lifted the siege on Cuzco but also marked a pivotal moment in Pizarro's campaign to subjugate indigenous populations along the coast road, consolidating Spanish control over key regions. The account, drawn from Pedro de Cieza de León’s Civil Wars in Peru, provides a detailed narrative of this military maneuver, highlighting its logistical and strategic significance during the turbulent early colonial period.

How to Found an Islamic City

Samarra Archaeological City — 2017 — WHECA70A8AA6D

A groundbreaking study on the foundation of Islamic cities reveals that urban planning in early Islam was driven by strategic and symbolic considerations, with Samarra Archaeological City serving as a key example. The research combines historical accounts and archaeological evidence to challenge conventional narratives, avoiding value judgments while providing nuanced insights into the motivations behind city foundations. Notably, Sayf b. Umar's detailed description of Kufa's establishment in 638 AD offers the most comprehensive surviving account of an early Islamic urban foundation, shedding light on the rapid post-conquest development of cities like Samarra. This work builds upon earlier scholarship, including Hourani and Stern's seminal volume, to redefine our understanding of Islamic urbanism.

How We Came to Be: Evidence from Primate Relatives and Fossil Ancestors Offer Clues to How Human Capabilities for Birth, Posture, and Walking Evolved

Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa — 2017 — WHEC039B7D43E

A groundbreaking study sheds light on the evolution of human birth, posture, and bipedalism by analyzing fossil evidence from South Africa's Sterkfontein caves. The research highlights the significance of postcranial remains, such as Sts 14, which provided the first evidence of upright walking in early hominids. By comparing these fossils with extant primate anatomy, the study offers insights into the complex evolutionary pressures that shaped human pelvic morphology. This approach combines fossil records with comparative anatomical studies to unravel the intricate process of human evolution, emphasizing the need for a holistic perspective beyond museum-based research.

Human spiruridiasis due toPhysalopteraspp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) in a grave of the Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site of the Bronze Age (2800–2500 BC) in Iran

Shahr-i Sokhta — 2017 — WHEF0210D9EDD

A rare case of ancient human spiruridiasis caused by Physaloptera spp. nematodes has been identified in a Bronze Age grave at Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran (2800–2500 BC). The discovery, the first record of ancient physalopterosis in the Middle East, was made through paleoparasitological analysis of soil samples from the pelvic and sacrum bones area of a skeleton. Among 320 skeletons examined, only one showed evidence of infection, suggesting possible taphonomic processes or nematophagous fungi may have obscured other cases. This finding challenges assumptions about the rarity of Physaloptera infections in ancient populations.

Human–Wildlife Interactions and Environmental Dynamics in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Okavango Delta — 2017 — WHE133723FC0C

Expanding floodwaters in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, are reshaping human–wildlife interactions and livelihoods, challenging the conventional narrative of conflict. A 2012 study in Mababe, a delta community, reveals that environmental disruptions can foster new relationships between people and wildlife, rather than solely negative outcomes. Through in-depth interviews, researchers found that spatial and temporal variability in these dynamics—often unpredictable and uneven—must be considered to move beyond simplistic conflict perspectives. The findings underscore the need for context-specific evaluations of human–wildlife encounters in rapidly changing landscapes.

Humanistic Significance and Future Implications of Suwon Hwaseong

Hwaseong Fortress — 2017 — WHE5087D5FE6C

Suwon Hwaseong Fortress embodies the transformative potential of urban regeneration through citizen-led initiatives. Built in 1796 during a dynamic period of East Asian history, it represents a bold attempt at reform rather than revolution, reflecting the intellectual and cultural vitality of 18th-century Korea. The fortress's historical significance extends beyond its architectural brilliance to its role as a symbol of societal change and future-oriented urban planning. Modern regeneration efforts in Suwon have successfully revitalized the fortress by integrating local history, culture, and community participation, demonstrating that sustainable urban development can be achieved through collaborative efforts rooted in heritage preservation. This approach contrasts with traditional top-down methods, emphasizing the importance of citizen engagement, cultural resources, and social cohesion in driving urban renewal.

Hungry architecture: spaces of consumption and predation at Göbekli Tepe

Göbekli Tepe — 2017 — WHE35728B461C

Göbekli Tepe's architecture reflects a relational, predatory worldview rooted in consumption and co-production. This study challenges Western ontological frameworks by integrating indigenous theories and anthropology to reinterpret the site's socio-cosmic dynamics. Through iconography, human and animal remains, and architectural analysis, it reveals that Pre-Pottery Neolithic societies engaged with material and non-human entities as agential forces, fundamentally shaping their social realities.

Hybrid Modes of Architectural Production in the United Arab Emirates

Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas) — 2017 — WHE375D2FABAF

A novel architectural approach demonstrates how ancient vernacular techniques can be hybridized with modern construction to create sustainable, culturally authentic designs for harsh desert environments. The study, conducted by architecture students at the American University of Sharjah, reinterpreted traditional practices such as courtyard house typologies, ‘arish (palm-leaf) construction, and wind towers—long used by desert dwellers—to meet contemporary living needs while maintaining environmental sensitivity. By fabricating small-scale models informed by local conditions, the students developed site-specific proposals that contrast with the incongruous development patterns seen in other UAE cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This research highlights the potential of integrating traditional knowledge with modern design to achieve sustainability without sacrificing cultural authenticity.