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Publications

Showing 27381 – 27400 of 30315 publications

Dieta de murciélagos filostómidos del valle de Kosñipata, San Pedro, Cusco - Perú

City of Cuzco — 2012 — WHE8F595FA29E

Research reveals that phyllostomid bats in the montane forests of Peru's Kosñipata Valley primarily consume fruits and nectar-pollen, with a strong preference for plants like Piper, Cecropia, and Abutilon. These species exhibit specialized diets, with minimal overlap between Carollia brevicauda, C. perspicillata, and Sturnira erythromos. The study analyzed fecal samples to assess pollen and seed presence, identifying key plant resources and evaluating dietary niche breadth and overlap among six bat species.

Dieta y Uso de Animales en el Potosí Colonial

City of Potosí — 2012 — WHEE492EE08D7

A zooarchaeological study of colonial sites in Potosí, Bolivia, reveals distinct dietary practices between indigenous workers and Spanish residents during the 16th–17th centuries. While indigenous communities in Porco primarily relied on local Andean fauna, Spanish residents in Tarapaya incorporated a diverse range of Eurasian animals and fish, overcoming logistical challenges to sustain their traditional diet. This contrast highlights how colonial fusion of Eurasian and Andean resources shaped unique culinary practices in Upper Peru, differing from broader patterns in the Americas. The research combines excavation data with zooarchaeological analysis to reconstruct these dietary shifts.

Dietary adjustability of grizzly bears and American black bears in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2012 — WHEF156EA9398

Grizzly bears and American black bears in Yellowstone National Park exhibit dietary adjustability, with male grizzly bears showing a decline in meat consumption over 30 years. The study estimated diets using stable isotope analysis of hair samples and GPS-collared bear data, revealing that while female grizzly bears maintained consistent meat intake, male grizzly bears reduced their reliance on animal matter. Cutthroat trout consumption dropped by 70% in grizzly bears and 95% in black bears between 1997–2000 and 2007–2009. Elk remained a primary prey, while whitebark pine nuts were replaced by false-truffles when scarce. This adaptability highlights the resilience of both bear species to changing resource availability.

Dietary Partitioning in Sympatric Large Carnivores in a Tropical Forest of Western Ghats, India

Western Ghats — 2012 — WHE237D3ED4C0

Sympatric large carnivores—tigers, leopards, and doles—in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India, coexist despite high dietary overlap (over 61%) due to the availability of diverse prey sizes. While all three predators primarily consume wild ungulates (88.4–96.7%), tigers target large prey (>50 kg), such as gaur and sambar, whereas leopards and doles favor medium-sized prey (11–50 kg), like chital, with secondary preferences for langur (leopard) and sambar (dhole). Prey surveys revealed high densities of chital (43.8 ± 10.7 individuals/km²), gaur (6.7 ± 1.5), and sambar (4.9 ± 0.96), with biomass estimates of 2058.6, 3015, and 656.6 kg/km² respectively. This study highlights how prey size partitioning mitigates competition among apex predators in tropical forests.

Digital Restoration of Seokguram Grotto: The Digital Archiving and the Exhibition of South Korea's Representative UNESCO World Heritage

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple — 2012 — WHE915F93902D

This groundbreaking study achieved the world's first digitalization of Seokguram Grotto, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and South Korea's representative cultural heritage. Through advanced 3D scanning technology, conducted in collaboration with the National Museum of Korea (2008) and the Cultural Heritage Administration (2011), the research team created a detailed digital archive and stereoscopic 3D model of this iconic site. The study highlights the potential for preserving and exhibiting cultural heritage through cutting-edge digital restoration techniques, paving the way for future virtual museum projects, such as the planned Seokguram Grotto Virtual Museum in Sejong City. This approach not only safeguards physical degradation but also enhances public engagement with South Korea's significant historical legacy.

Dilation behaviour of lime mortars for restoration work: application to the compatibility of cracked stone reassembling

Djémila — 2012 — WHE7FF8D514DD

Research demonstrates that dilation, linked to thermal and hygric gradients, is a critical factor in the degradation of stones in semi-arid environments. This study introduces a method to measure dilation, revealing its correlation with structural material properties and its significance in assessing stone-mortar compatibility. Applying this approach to cracked limestones from UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Djemila (Algeria) and Volubilis (Morocco), the findings challenge conventional restoration practices, suggesting that current solutions may be less durable or unsuitable for such climates. The study underscores the need for tailored restoration strategies that account for dilation behavior to ensure long-term stability of archaeological structures.

Discourses of Heritage and Tourism at a World Heritage Site: The Case of Hampi, India

Group of Monuments at Hampi — 2012 — WHE824C230E12

Hampi, India's former Vijayanagara capital and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, presents a unique challenge to global heritage discourse: can residents continue to live in historic monuments declared patrimony of both the nation and the world? This study reveals that while Hampi's medieval temples attract devotees and tourists, its stone mandapas along the main street were until recently inhabited by locals. The research employs ethnographic observation and discourse analysis to examine how heritage conservation intersects with daily life, tourism, and local livelihoods. It highlights the tension between preserving historical integrity and accommodating human use, offering a case study for rethinking the balance between heritage protection and community needs.

Discovery and development of Santacruzamate A, a potent and selective histone deacetylase inhibitor

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2012 — WHED0B993EB49

Researchers discovered santacruzamate A, a potent and selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with picomolar-level inhibition of HDAC2, during an expedition to Coiba National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Panama. This compound shares structural similarities with Vorinostat®, a clinically approved HDAC inhibitor for treating refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to its isolation from a dark brown cyanobacterium, potentially representing a new genus within marine cyanobacteria. The study also established a robust synthesis method for santacruzamate A and synthesized analogs to further evaluate their biological activity.

Displacement‐Based Fragility Curves for Seismic Assessment of Adobe Buildings in Cusco, Peru

City of Cuzco — 2012 — WHE1C56F46E2A

Fragility curves for seismic assessment of adobe buildings in Cusco, Peru, reveal that response spectrum shape significantly influences the probability of limit state exceedance when expressed in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), but not when based on spectral displacement. This finding underscores the importance of considering both demand and capacity metrics in seismic vulnerability studies. The research employed a mechanics-based procedure to analyze in-plane and out-of-plane wall failure mechanisms, evaluating displacement capacity and vibration period for different damage states. By comparing capacity with seismic demand derived from multiple response spectra, the study generated fragility curves that were validated against data from the 2007 Peruvian earthquake, providing critical insights for improving seismic risk assessment in historic adobe structures like those in Cusco.

Distribución y abundancia de la nutria neotropical (Lontra longicaudis annectens) en Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, México

Historic Monuments Zone of Tlacotalpan — 2012 — WHE2789836471

A study conducted between 2007 and 2008 in Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, Mexico, revealed significant variation in the abundance of the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis annectens) across different habitats during distinct climatic seasons. Abundance estimates ranged from 1.22 to 0.43 otters per kilometer along the Río Papaloapan and from 0.61 to 0.21 otters per kilometer in nearby streams and lagoons, with higher densities observed during the hurricane season (November 2007) compared to the dry season (April 2008). The research employed a combination of field monitoring—including tracking scat, latrines, burrows, and direct sightings—and community interviews, which highlighted local awareness and support for otter conservation. This study underscores the ecological importance of neotropical otters in Tlacotalpan's aquatic ecosystems and the need for their protection.

Distribution and Conservation Status of the Red‐Shanked Douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) in L ao PDR : An Update

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2012 — WHE04E087A3C3

The red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus), an endangered primate endemic to Lao PDR, Vietnam, and possibly Cambodia, faces severe threats from development projects and hunting. A critical review of recent literature reveals that the Lao population is likely the largest globally, making it crucial for the species' survival. The study highlights Nakai-Nam Theun and Hin Namno National Protected Areas as key strongholds but emphasizes urgent conservation action to combat illegal hunting. Limited resources in Lao PDR necessitate prioritizing high-value populations to maximize conservation impact.

Distribution of authigenic and allogenic fractions in recent lake sediment: Isotopic and chemical compositions

Plitvice Lakes National Park — 2012 — WHE55FA5941AC

Recent sediments from Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes National Park, reveal significant terrestrial influence on lake sediment composition. The study found that organic and carbonate fractions delivered via Rječica Brook rapidly decrease toward the open lake, indicating strong allogenic input. Isotopic analyses (14C activity, d13C values) showed evidence of algal productivity changes and potential fossil fuel combustion impacts in surface sediments. Additionally, anthropogenic 14C from atmospheric nuclear tests in 1963/64 was detected but obscured by other sedimentary processes. The research used sediment cores collected at varying distances from the brook's mouth to analyze chemical and isotopic profiles, comparing them with deeper lake sediments to assess sedimentation rates and fraction ratios.

Distribution of Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. et DC.) Brid. ex Moug. et Nestl. (Bryophyta) in Montenegro

Durmitor National Park — 2012 — WHEAE652ECEF4

A notable discovery of the moss species Buxbaumia viridis in Montenegro reveals its distribution across 14 high-elevation sites, primarily in the northern and northeastern regions, with elevations exceeding 1300 meters above sea level. Remarkably, Durmitor National Park hosts a significant population at Crno jezero lake, where sporophytes are found on approximately 50 tree trunks. This study contributes valuable insights into the distribution and abundance of this moss species in Montenegro, highlighting its ecological significance within protected areas.

Distribution patterns, floristic structure and habitat requirements of the alpine river plant community Stuckenietum amblyphyllae ass. nova (Potametea) in the Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan)

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2012 — WHEDF1D40D7C0

Researchers have identified and characterized a new aquatic plant community, Stuckenietum amblyphyllae, thriving in the high-altitude rivers and ponds of Tajikistan's Pamir Alai Mountains. This community, dominated by Stuckenia amblyphylla, occupies elevations between 1900 and 3800 meters, with patches covering up to 90% of studied surfaces while containing a maximum of five taxa. The study reveals that this community prefers cold, alkaline waters with moderate flow rates (15–75 cm depth) and is rarely found in mountain ponds. It also marks the upper limit of aquatic vegetation in the region when paired with Stuckenia filiformis communities. The research combines floristic analysis and habitat assessment to elucidate its distribution patterns and ecological requirements, contributing to the understanding of alpine river ecosystems in UNESCO-listed Tajik National Park.

Diurnal variations of organic molecular tracers and stable carbon isotopic composition in atmospheric aerosols over Mt. Tai in the North China Plain: an influence of biomass burning

Mount Taishan — 2012 — WHE516BE7B4FD

Crop-residue burning significantly enhances organic aerosol loading and alters the composition and stable carbon isotopic signature of atmospheric particles over Mount Taishan (Mt. Tai) in the North China Plain, according to a study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Researchers analyzed aerosol samples collected during the Mount Tai eXperiment 2006, identifying over 130 organic compounds, including biomass burning tracers like levoglucosan and biogenic secondary organic aerosol markers. During peak biomass-burning periods in early June, organic concentrations doubled compared to late June, with levoglucosan dominating, while phthalate esters were more abundant later. Diurnal patterns revealed that biomass burning smoke plumes uplifted aerosols, which were transported to Mt. Tai during nighttime. Stable carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) showed lower values in early June, correlating inversely with levoglucosan levels, confirming the influence of crop-residue burning on aerosol composition and isotopic signatures.

Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a tropical montane cloud forest

Manú National Park — 2012 — WHE2BF5AE4840

Cloud dynamics significantly influence microclimate trends in tropical montane cloud forests, with solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and temperature peaking earlier at higher altitudes due to seasonal shifts in cloud cover. This study analyzed diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal patterns across a 3900-meter gradient in Manu National Park, Peru, using long-term micrometeorological data from permanent tree plots and public domain records spanning up to 17 years. Findings suggest that changes in cloud frequency and distribution, driven by climate change, could profoundly impact cloud forest ecosystems beyond the effects of rising temperatures alone.

Diversity among Macroalgae-Consuming Fishes on Coral Reefs: A Transcontinental Comparison

Ningaloo Coast — 2012 — WHE3C617E1AE1

Despite significant differences in the diversity and biomass of macroalgae-consuming fishes between Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia) and the Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef), only four species dominated Sargassum consumption in both systems. Ningaloo exhibited 23 species feeding on brown algae, compared to just eight in the Keppel Islands, with an order of magnitude higher biomass of herbivorous fishes. Naso unicornis and Kyphosus vaigiensis emerged as consistent dominant feeders across both sites. This transcontinental comparison highlights the functional redundancy of key herbivore species, underscoring their critical role in coral reef resilience despite spatial variations in community composition.

Diversity and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Tidal Flat Plants and their Antagonistic Effects on Oomycetous Plant Pathogens

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2012 — WHE831AF8912C

A study of endophytic bacteria from tidal flat plants revealed a surprising diversity of strains with antagonistic effects against oomycete plant pathogens, including Phytophthora capsici and Pythium ultimum. Nine percent of the 256 isolated root-colonizing bacteria exhibited inhibitory activity in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis identified these antagonistic strains across four bacterial classes (Firmicutes, α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, and Actinomycetes) and ten genera, with some belonging to potential new species of α-Proteobacteria. The research highlights the untapped potential of tidal flat plants as a source of novel antimicrobial compounds and biocontrol agents, suggesting their ecological significance in suppressing oomycete pathogens. The study analyzed surface-disinfected root tissues from six plant species (Rosa rugosa, Suaeda maritima, Vitex rotundifolia, Carex scabrifolia, Glehnia littoralis, and Elymus mollis) in Namhae Island, Korea.

Diversity of cyanobacterial biomarker genes from the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia

Shark Bay, Western Australia — 2012 — WHE56861E8A92

Research at Shark Bay's stromatolites reveals that cyanobacteria, not non-cyanobacterial species, dominate the production of 2-methylhopanoids—a key biomarker for tracing evolutionary history. This challenges previous assumptions by demonstrating that 11 out of 12 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in microbial mats are cyanobacteria, based on phylogenetic analysis of the hpnP gene. The study analyzed genomic DNA from pustular and smooth microbial mats to construct an hpnP clone library, sequencing 117 partial clones. These findings clarify that cyanobacteria, not other bacteria, are the primary producers of this biomarker in Shark Bay's stromatolites, offering new insights into ancient microbial ecosystems.

Dividing south from north: French colonialism, Jews, and the Algerian Sahara

M'Zab Valley — 2012 — WHEF4027B06E4

Colonialism's role in defining Jewish identity in Algeria is exposed, revealing that the Crémieux Decree of 1870, which granted citizenship to northern Algerian Jews, excluded southern Jews due to strategic colonial interests rather than religious criteria. This study demonstrates that France's military sought to legally isolate 'southern Algerian Jewry' post-1882 conquest of the M'zab Valley, not for Jewish-specific reasons but to safeguard a protectorate relationship with Ibadite leaders and maintain strategic stability. The research reconstructs colonial policies and their impact on Jewish identity, showing how it was an exogenous creation shaped by imperial power dynamics rather than inherent or historical factors.