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Publications

Showing 15261 – 15280 of 15962 publications

The lower Maastrichtian Hvidskud succession, Møns Klint, Denmark: calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, carbon isotope stratigraphy, and bulk and brachiopod oxygen isotopes.

Møns Klint — 2014 — WHE846BD58704

Research at Møns Klint, Denmark, reveals that the lower Maastrichtian Hvidskud succession provides critical insights into early Maastrichtian climate and stratigraphy. The study establishes a precise age model for the succession, dating its base to approximately 70.9 million years ago and spanning over 680 thousand years. This includes detailed calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy, correlating with brachiopod zonation and global geochronological tie-points. The findings suggest that the Danish Chalk Sea experienced bottom water temperatures of 13.6 to 14.3°C during this period, offering a snapshot of early Maastrichtian cooling. The well-exposed Hvidskud succession serves as a key locality for stratigraphic correlation in northwestern Europe, enhancing our understanding of Cretaceous paleoenvironmental conditions.

The Pennsylvanian Springhill Mines Formation: sedimentological framework for a portion of the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2014 — WHE928B343035

A detailed sedimentological analysis of the Springhill Mines Formation at Joggins Fossil Cliffs reveals significant insights into the geological evolution of the region. The study reassigns a 16.9-meter interval to the top of the Joggins Formation, indicating a rapid flooding event that created a marginal marine to brackish bay environment. The overlying 697 meters of strata, assigned to the Springhill Mines Formation, show a transition from poorly drained coastal swamps and floodplains to well-drained, vegetated floodplains with oxidizing conditions. This shift is accompanied by changes in fluvial style from anastomosed channels to sheet-like and ultimately meandering channels, reflecting decreased halokinetic subsidence and aggradation of the alluvial surface as sediments prograded into the basin.

The role of four key structures in the creation and survival of cultural landscapes in the desert environment of Iran

The Persian Qanat — 2014 — WHE7F60BDA6CE

Four key structures—qanats, cisterns, ice-houses, and wind catchers—have been identified as pivotal to the creation and sustainability of cultural landscapes in Iran's desert environments. These ingenious systems address water scarcity and climate challenges, enabling human settlement and sustainable living over centuries. The study analyzes their individual and collective roles, demonstrating their effectiveness in managing water resources, providing cooling, and maintaining ecological balance. This research highlights their significance as part of UNESCO's cultural heritage criteria, offering insights into traditional adaptation strategies that remain relevant today.

The Royal Palace of Dahomey

Royal Palaces of Abomey — 2014 — WHEEB1A9A51F4

The Royal Palace of Dahomey, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Abomey, Benin, has undergone significant transformations during French colonial and post-colonial periods. This study reveals its multifaceted role as a site for religious ceremonies, political struggle, and a symbol of non-European identity. The research documents the physical changes to the palace complex in relation to its evolving functions while critically examining the ethical implications of external political influences. It also explores how the palace and royal history continue to shape contemporary identity and domestic architecture in Benin.

The Sinicization of Dunhuang Mogao Cave Buddhist Art

Mogao Caves — 2014 — WHED0F0955D30

The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China, serve as a visual record of the sinicization process of Indian Buddhism, illustrating how Chinese culture assimilated foreign elements while maintaining its distinct identity. The study highlights the fusion of traditional Han Chinese architectural and artistic styles with Indian Buddhist motifs, such as stupas integrated into wooden structures, reflecting a dynamic cultural exchange during the turbulent period following the collapse of the Han Dynasty (220 AD). Murals and sculptures in Caves 257 and 428 demonstrate this syncretism, including multi-story stupas surrounded by smaller ones, symbolizing the growing complexity and sacred value of Buddhist architecture. The research underscores the rapid acceptance of Chinese Buddhism across East Asia, despite initial resistance to Indian philosophical traditions.

The Solomonic Column as a Symbolic Image of Inculturation in the Churches of The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (Bolivia).

Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos — 2014 — WHECE91D15477

The Solomonic column, a distinctive element of Christian visual culture, served as a powerful symbol of inculturation in the churches of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (Bolivia). This study reveals how the column's systematic use during the 16th to 18th centuries facilitated the blending of religious and state interests, aligning with the goals of both the Society of Jesus and the Spanish Crown. By analyzing this design element through a transmission lens, the research demonstrates its role in adapting Christian imagery to local contexts, thereby strengthening the missions' cultural and political influence.

The Spatial Feature of Different Architecture Type in Classical Private Gardens of Suzhou from the Aspect of Horizontal Tablet

Classical Gardens of Suzhou — 2014 — WHEC5EFF05C9E

Research on the Classical Gardens of Suzhou reveals that horizontal tablets—inscribed elements in these gardens—reflect distinct spatial features tied to architectural function. A cluster analysis of seven iconic gardens identified five groups of tablets, each emphasizing different themes such as comprehensive beauty, sensory experiences (e.g., weather, plants), talent and morality, or hermitage ideals. The study found that ornamental gardens prioritize overall aesthetic appeal, while study-type gardens incorporate elements of nature and intellectual reflection. Activity-focused gardens emphasize moral and philosophical themes, whereas transition-type gardens highlight reclusive ideologies. These patterns suggest that the design philosophy of Suzhou gardens was deeply influenced by historical context, transforming limited physical spaces into expansive symbolic landscapes through tablet content.

The status of savanna carnivores in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, northern Republic of Congo

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2014 — WHEA93DE28B4C

Lions (Panthera leo) are likely extinct in the Republic of Congo and neighboring Gabon, with no signs detected during extensive surveys in Odzala-Kokoua National Park. However, the park remains critical for hyena tachetée (Crocuta crocuta) conservation, as 46 individuals were documented through 154 camera-trap photographs over 424 days of monitoring. The study also recorded smaller carnivores like leopards (Panthera pardus), servals (Leptailurus serval), and African golden cats (Caracal aurata). Researchers covered 460 km on foot, combining trail surveys with camera traps to assess the status of savanna carnivores in this isolated mosaic landscape. These findings underscore Odzala-Kokoua's regional importance for hyenas and smaller predators amid declining lion populations.

The Time Budget of Javan Deer ( Rusa timorensis , Blainville 1822) in Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2014 — WHEB9DF13DFE6

Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) reintroduced to Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, allocate most of their diurnal time to feeding, with no significant differences observed across age and sex groups. This study highlights that the behavior of these deer is influenced by factors such as age, sex, social group dynamics, temperature, and food availability. Researchers conducted observations on the reintroduced population, providing insights into how environmental and social variables shape their daily activities.

The Transport of Nonindigenous Microorganisms Into Caves by Human Visitation: A Case Study at Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Carlsbad Caverns National Park — 2014 — WHE788D75F334

A study at Carlsbad Caverns National Park revealed that human visitation significantly impacts the microbial composition of cave environments, introducing nonindigenous microorganisms. Research conducted in 2004 and 2009 demonstrated that Staphylococcus spp., Knoellia spp., Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Enterobacteriaceae were prevalent in areas frequented by visitors or associated with food storage and consumption. Notably, Enterobacteriaceae dominance was observed along the descent trail and within the Lunch Room, suggesting either natural occurrence or anthropogenic contamination. The study highlights the potential for management practices, such as restricting crumb-generating foods, to mitigate microbial contamination and protect cave ecosystems.

The Unexecuted Plans for the Eradication of Jewish Heresy in the Hispanic Monarchy and the Example of the Moriscos: The Thwarted Expulsion of the Judeoconversos

Convent of Christ in Tomar — 2014 — WHE0EE045B751

A significant political decision to banish approximately 300,000 Moriscos from Spain had profound social implications. During the reign of Philip III, the Portuguese New Christians' petitions were considered, leading to a pivotal Junta in Tomar at the Convent of Christ on May 23, 1629. Over several months, leading authorities of the Portuguese church deliberated and concluded that the expulsion of all 'enteros' or complete New Christians was the most effective means to eradicate Jewish heresy from Portugal. This decision, though uneexecuted, marked a notable shift in policy towards religious uniformity.

The use of menthol on the archaeological site at the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor — 2014 — WHEB0E84D41C8

Research demonstrates that menthol can effectively inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria on the archaeological site of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, preserving its ancient wooden structures. The study employed a controlled application of menthol-based treatments to analyze their efficacy in preventing deterioration caused by microbial activity. This approach offers a promising solution for the long-term conservation of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, which faces significant challenges due to its age and environmental conditions.

The Valuation of Heritage Interpretation for Conservation and Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of the Historic City of Ayutthaya

Historic City of Ayutthaya — 2014 — WHE3A472B5025

A groundbreaking contingent valuation study of the UNESCO-listed Historic City of Ayutthaya reveals that visitors are willing to pay up to 422.44 Baht per day for heritage interpretation programs aimed at restoring and improving fifteen historic sites, with significant value also attributed to smaller-scale restoration efforts (137.44 Baht). Contrary to expectations, the study found no evidence of distance decay—a phenomenon where willingness to pay decreases with travel distance—challenging long-held assumptions in tourism economics. It also validated the scope test and ruled out anchoring bias statistically, underscoring the robustness of its methodology. The research highlights heritage interpretation as a critical tool for sustainable conservation and tourism, using one-day package entrance fees to align incentives effectively.

Tipologi Pintu Rumah Tradisional Dusun Pucung, Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2014 — WHE7E2FBE9EA9

A typology of six traditional door designs was identified in Pucung Village, part of the Sangiran Early Man Site, a UNESCO World Heritage area. These doors vary in number (one, three, or five) and material (bamboo, wood, or wood-glass), each with distinct cultural significance. The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods, including field surveys, literature reviews, and theoretical analysis, to classify door elements based on general characteristics, redrawing, grouping, and categorization. This research contributes to the understanding of architectural heritage in conserved areas by providing a systematic framework for analyzing traditional designs.

Tourismus im UNESCO Weltnaturerbe: Einkommen steigen, Disparitäten bleiben im philippinischen Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park — 2014 — WHE61E67E4D39

Tourism in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park has significantly boosted local incomes but has not reduced disparities. The study found that while tourism creates new job opportunities and income sources for residents of Cabayugan, a rural area near Puerto Princesa City, benefits are unevenly distributed, often increasing or maintaining existing inequalities. The research analyzed how tourism impacts livelihood strategies, infrastructure access, and social and environmental changes in the region. Despite its potential as pro-poor tourism, the growth in visitor numbers to the famous underground river has not led to equitable economic development for all local communities.

Translating Intangible Cultural Heritage in an Ethnolinguistic Community: A Case Study of the Site of Xanadu in Inner Mongolia

Site of Xanadu — 2014 — WHED12369E7FA

A study identifies key challenges and strategies for translating the intangible cultural heritage of the Site of Xanadu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site representing Mongolian history and culture. The research reveals that effective translation must balance information transfer with cultural dissemination to ensure foreign tourists, particularly native English speakers, grasp the site's significance. By analyzing application documents, advertisements, and websites, the study pinpoints idiomatic and cross-cultural hurdles while proposing feasible solutions to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps. Funded by Inner Mongolia's Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Planning Office, this work contributes to broader efforts in international publicity of intangible cultural heritage.

Tree diversity of the Dja Faunal Reserve, southeastern Cameroon

Dja Faunal Reserve — 2014 — WHEA52931C0EA

A comprehensive inventory of tree species within the Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon's largest and best-preserved rainforest, reveals remarkable diversity and abundance. Researchers recorded 11,546 individuals across nine transects, identifying 312 species from 60 genera, with Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Malvaceae being the most species-rich families. Notably, Tabernaemontana crassa emerged as the most abundant species. The dataset, now publicly available, provides unprecedented insights into the tree diversity of this UNESCO-listed site, highlighting its ecological significance.

Unintended de-marketing manages visitor demand in Greater Blue Mountains World heritage Area

Greater Blue Mountains Area — 2014 — WHEF48FFA69A1

Unintended de-marketing strategies have been found to effectively manage visitor demand in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (GBMWHA), Australia. This research builds on previous studies by Kotler and Levy (1971) and Armstrong and Kern (2011), providing additional evidence that such approaches can influence visitor behavior, either temporarily or permanently. The study supports the notion that de-marketing, originally conceptualized to discourage certain groups of visitors, plays a significant role in protecting fragile ecosystems and managing tourism impacts. While the specific methods are not detailed, the findings highlight the unintended but beneficial effects of de-marketing on visitor demand in protected areas.

Urban design and architecture in the service of colonialism in Morocco

Medina of Marrakesh — 2014 — WHE857C3D1366

Colonial urban design and architecture in Morocco, particularly in the Medina of Marrakesh, continue to reflect French imperialist ideology and serve as tools of power and domination. The study demonstrates that contemporary urban spaces and architectural practices are directly linked to colonial legacies, perpetuating ambivalent discourses. By analyzing postcolonial Morocco, the research reveals how colonial regimes used urban design to justify their measures and impose specific ideologies, with lasting consequences on social and political processes.

Urbanisation of former city fortifications in The Netherlands between 1805 and 2013

Dutch Water Defence Lines — 2014 — WHE0DE688BE7E

The Dutch Water Defence Lines have undergone significant transformations from their original military purpose to modern urban and ecological functions. This study identifies three key phases in the evolution of these fortifications: construction (from castles to defense lines), dismantling and urbanization (1805–1951), and current spatial character and revitalization. The research reveals that revitalization strategies vary, ranging from full reconstruction to narrative approaches, with implications for heritage preservation, water management, ecology, and urban identity. By analyzing these mechanisms of transformation, the study provides actionable insights for city planners and landscape architects to strengthen historic inner cities and enhance urban identity. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive heritage approaches in balancing historical integrity with contemporary needs.