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Conflicts of the heritage: mapping values of immovable cultural heritage in Kaunas downtown area

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 — 2016 — WHECB2E7271F4

A comprehensive mapping of heritage values in Kaunas' Naujamiestis area reveals significant discrepancies between official designations and the expectations of the local heritage community. While 45 buildings are marked with European Heritage Labels (EHL) and aspirations exist for UNESCO World Heritage status, these labels often do not align with the daily experiences or perceived significance of the heritage community. The study emphasizes that value definition in such complex urban landscapes must be research-driven, aiming to integrate official criteria with grassroots perspectives. This approach is particularly crucial for 20th-century heritage, where buildings are deeply embedded in contemporary life. The findings stem from a comparative analysis of institutional and community-based valuation instruments, underscoring the need for inclusive, evidence-based frameworks in heritage conservation.

Conflitos socioambientais na APA de Cairuçu (Paraty - RJ) à luz da sobreposição com unidades de conservação de diferentes categorias

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2016 — WHE7506D99C06

A study on the APA de Cairuçu, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, reveals significant socioenvironmental conflicts stemming from its overlapping management with other conservation units. These conflicts are exacerbated by the zoning proposed in the Management Plan, particularly in insular areas, and arise due to the duplication of regulatory frameworks across overlapping territories. The research combines bibliographic reviews with extensive social dialogues through fieldwork, providing insights into the challenges of managing such complex ecological corridors.

Congreso Internacional SocyHume: “De la Sociabilidad al Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural” (Centro Interdisciplinar de História, Culturas e Sociedades, Universidad de Évora, Portugal, 2016)

Historic Centre of Évora — 2016 — WHE067496ACA1

A key insight from the Congress Internacional SocyHume, held at the University of Évora in 2016, highlights the significant role of masonry in shaping historical and cultural heritage. The event, organized by CIDEHUS (Centro Interdisciplinar de História, Culturas e Sociedades), featured six presentations that delved into the intersection of sociability and masonry, offering a nuanced perspective on its impact on heritage preservation. This interdisciplinary approach combined historical analysis with cultural studies to explore how masonic traditions have influenced societal structures and heritage conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean. The congress served as a platform for scholars to examine these themes, contributing to broader discussions on the intangible and tangible aspects of cultural heritage.

Connections, Transactions and Rock Art within and beyond the Wet Tropics of North Queensland

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2016 — WHE84DC7DACEC

Aboriginal people's connections within the Wet Tropics of Queensland were not limited to its rainforest boundaries, contrary to popular belief. This study reveals that rock art motifs, such as decorated shields and painted anthropomorphs/zoomorphs, suggest cultural exchanges extending beyond the region, challenging the notion of the rainforest as a distinct 'cultural zone.' Researchers analyzed rock art assemblages in the Wet Tropics and compared them with those from other North Queensland regions, identifying similarities that imply multifaceted interactions. The study also highlights how the proclamation of the Wet Tropics as a UNESCO World Heritage Site has shaped non-Aboriginal perceptions, potentially oversimplifying Aboriginal historical connections.

Consensus forecasting of intertidal seagrass habitat in the Wadden Sea

Wadden Sea — 2016 — WHEFC4DB803EF

A robust consensus habitat suitability model for intertidal seagrass in the Wadden Sea identifies highly suitable areas where seagrass meadows can establish and persist, offering critical support for conservation planning. The study used 17 years of seagrass survey data from the northern Wadden Sea, combined with high-resolution hydrodynamics and geomorphology models, to train five machine learning approaches. Spatial cross-validation ensured model transferability, while consensus modeling improved prediction accuracy. The model distinguished unsuitable, marginal, and suitable habitats across the entire international Wadden Sea, though unaccounted factors limit seagrass development in the southern region. This approach sets monitoring priorities and provides scientific underpinnings for effective conservation strategies in a dynamic landscape.

Conservation status and management insights from tracking a cryptic and Critically Endangered species of Orchidaceae

Cape Floral Region Protected Areas — 2016 — WHE6F95FB2FA0

A six-year demographic study of the Critically Endangered orchid Disa procera, known from just 50 individuals at a single location, reveals that its population is larger than previously thought and occurs across two distinct sites. The species exhibits high interannual variation in population size and individual turnover, suggesting a short lifespan, yet still meets the criteria for Critically Endangered status. Management insights include avoiding physical damage during its growing season (September–January) and implementing prescribed fire at 10–25-year intervals outside this period. High fruit set rates (68%) indicate no current pollination limitation, but patchy distribution hints at potential dispersal or recruitment constraints. Recommendations emphasize continued protection, monitoring, and further research on pollination, habitat requirements, and mycorrhizal associates.

Conservatives in the Everglades: Sun Belt Environmentalism and the Creation of Everglades National Park

Everglades National Park — 2016 — WHE4E8D4FFDC0

Everglades National Park's creation in 1947 was shaped by a confluence of Sun Belt environmentalism and conservative politics, reflecting Florida's strategic pivot toward tourism and a modern identity. The study reveals that Spessard L. Holland, a pro-business, states' rights advocate, championed the park to leverage its natural beauty for economic growth while rebranding Florida as a progressive, scientifically-minded state. This transformation was driven by three key motivations: maximizing economic benefits from tourism, capitalizing on growing public appreciation for exotic ecosystems, and reshaping Florida's identity away from its racist past toward a forward-looking, conservationist image. The research approach combines historical analysis with political and economic contextualization, illustrating the complex interplay between environmentalism and conservatism in post-war Southern development.

Conserving the Socks: Diagnosing and treating deterioration of the Sydney Opera House roof pedestals

Sydney Opera House — 2016 — WHEF078C104C8

A systematic review of the Sydney Opera House's concrete roof pedestals, or 'socks,' reveals evolving approaches to diagnosis and treatment, transitioning from repair-focused strategies to conservation-oriented methods. The study examines the efficacy of various diagnostic tools and therapies applied over the structure's lifespan, highlighting gaps in knowledge that require attention for long-term preservation. It also delves into the underlying structural condition by analyzing efforts to investigate and repair one component of this iconic landmark. Notably, deterioration was reidentified in 2007-2008, prompting further testing and treatment, underscoring the dynamic nature of conservation strategies.

Conserving the tomb chamber complex in the Midas Mound at Gordion in Turkey

Gordion — 2016 — WHE35B794AE9D

The Midas Tomb chamber complex at Gordion, Turkey, stands as the earliest known standing wooden building globally. This unique timber structure, measuring 5.15 m by 6.20 m—nearly twice the size of the second-largest excavated wooden tomb at Gordion—relies on corner joinery and lateral earth pressure for stability. To prevent structural damage, archaeologists implemented a stabilization strategy involving three wooden posts to support the beams, addressing the challenge of removing lateral earth pressure without compromising the structure's integrity. This conservation effort, analyzed from a structural engineering perspective, highlights innovative approaches to preserving ancient timber architecture while maintaining its historical significance.

Conserving World Heritage Sites

Ichkeul National Park — 2016 — WHE861E913EFE

The World Heritage Convention has been instrumental in advancing nature conservation through policy development and practical experience, with Ichkeul National Park serving as a case study for effective monitoring and management. The chapter highlights how informal and systematic reporting, the use of Danger listings, and international assistance have evolved to support the conservation of World Heritage Sites. Key conferences established UNESCO's leading role in natural heritage conservation within the United Nations system, while the Convention provided a framework for developing principles and tools of good practice.

Constructed Inmates: Gender Constructions, Material Culture, and the Lived Experiences of Women in Fremantle Prison

Australian Convict Sites — 2016 — WHE5284CAEC22

Fremantle Prison, Australia's only World Heritage-listed convict-era prison, predominantly focuses its tourism narratives on male inmates, overlooking the significant history of female incarceration. This study highlights a critical gap in historical interpretation at such sites, emphasizing the under-researched experiences of women in Australian prisons from the convict era to the twentieth century. While feminist scholars have contributed valuable insights, mainstream narratives continue to neglect this aspect, perpetuating a gendered discourse that marginalizes women's criminal history. The research employs qualitative methods, drawing on existing scholarship to expose these omissions and advocate for more inclusive historical representation in prison tourism.

Construction and Application of a System for Assessing the Value of Non-World Heritage Tulou in Pinghe County, Fujian Province, Based on the Analytic-hierarchy Process

Fujian Tulou — 2016 — WHE718BC839CC

A systematic approach to evaluating non-World Heritage Fujian tulou in Pinghe County, Fujian Province, has been developed using the analytic-hierarchy process (AHP), expert-scoring methods, and matrix calculations. This study identifies key factors such as value, location, and material conditions to assess these structures, which are culturally significant but lack recognition and funding compared to UNESCO-listed tulou. The research provides a framework for repurposing and conserving Pinghe tulou through targeted renovations, exemplified by case studies from Jiufeng town. By addressing structural deterioration and promoting functional repositioning, this methodology offers a model for preserving Fujian's architectural heritage beyond UNESCO-designated sites.

Construction Timber Transport to Chaco Canyon: Prehistoric Rolling Roads?

Chaco Culture — 2016 — WHE02DC47D73E

A reevaluation of the extensive, straight roadways in Chaco Canyon suggests they were designed for rolling timbers to construction sites, challenging the long-held assumption that logs were carried manually. The study examines the feasibility and efficiency of rolling techniques, supported by comparisons with similar practices in other regions, arguing that this method warrants greater consideration than previously accorded.

Consuming symbolism: marketing D-Day and Normandy

Beaches of the D-Day Landings, Normandy, 1944 — 2016 — WHE29CCD16687

A study of the D-Day landing sites in Normandy reveals how experience engineering is employed to shape visitor interactions, aligning with Holt’s 1995 model of symbolic consumption. The research identifies four key metaphors—Experience, Integration, Play, and Classification—that frame these interactions, demonstrating the widespread and nuanced techniques used by site managers and curators. While the approach effectively captures the staged authenticity at these sites, it also highlights inconsistencies in how stakeholders present historical narratives, prompting further reflection on the implications of such practices.

Continuity and Change in the Late Pleistocene Lithic Industries of the Central Zagros: A Typo-Technological Analysis of Lithic Assemblages from Ghar-E Khar Cave, Bisotun, Iran

Bisotun — 2016 — WHE11AA15F7EC

A typo-technological analysis of lithic assemblages from Ghar-e Khar Cave, Bisotun, Iran, reveals a sequence of changes and continuity in core reduction strategies and tool production spanning the Late Middle Paleolithic to Epipaleolithic periods. The study, based on artifacts stored in the National Museum of Iran and Montreal University, examines the transition between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic eras in the Zagros region. However, the current data is insufficient to confirm or reject the hypothesis of a gradual transition, leaving this question unresolved.

Continuity versus discontinuity of the human settlement of Europe between the late Early Pleistocene and the early Middle Pleistocene. The mandibular evidence

Archaeological Site of Atapuerca — 2016 — WHEA5FAB1DB74

A demographic discontinuity likely occurred between late Early Pleistocene and early Middle Pleistocene populations in Europe, as suggested by mandibular fossil evidence from four key sites: Gran Dolina-TD6-2 (Atapuerca), Mauer, Arago, and Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos. While hybridization cannot be ruled out, some features of the Gran Dolina-TD6 hominins hint at a possible connection to later European populations, challenging the discontinuity model. The study analyzed derived mandibular traits and integrated archaeological and paleoenvironmental data to reconstruct the ecological context. This research sheds light on population dynamics during a critical period in human evolution, offering new insights into the settlement patterns of early Europeans.

Continuous 1985–2012 Landsat Monitoring to Assess Fire Effects on Meadows in Yosemite National Park, California

Yosemite National Park — 2016 — WHE7EA10E8CF5

A study using Landsat satellite imagery from 1985 to 2012 reveals that low-severity wildfires significantly impact montane meadow vegetation in Yosemite National Park. Following the 1996 Ackerson Fire, burned meadows exhibited lower normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and negative trends during dormant seasons compared to unburned areas, suggesting prolonged recovery effects on evergreen vegetation. The research leveraged Google Earth Engine for image processing to detect subtle fire impacts over a 28-year period, demonstrating the potential of satellite data for monitoring ecological changes in protected landscapes.

Continuous measurements of greenhouse gases and atmospheric oxygen in the Namib Desert

Namib Sand Sea — 2016 — WHE784F6BF5F4

A new near-coastal background site in the Namib Desert, established for greenhouse gas (GHG) and atmospheric oxygen observations, reveals significant seasonal and synoptic-scale variability in GHG concentrations. The study found that continental air masses influenced by biomass burning during the fire season (peaking in September) led to notable anomalies in carbon monoxide and methane levels. Additionally, top-down estimates of air-sea fluxes for CO₂, O₂, CH₄, N₂O, and CO from the Benguela Current region showed substantial methane release, suggesting a large sedimentary source in Walvis Bay, while CO₂ and oxygen fluxes were substantial but likely unaccounted for in current budgets. The research utilized semi-automated, continuous measurements of multiple GHGs and atmospheric oxygen, employing advanced spectrometers and differential fuel cell analyzers, with data validated through atmospheric transport analysis and shipboard measurements.

Contribution and pathways of diazotroph-derived nitrogen to zooplankton during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in the oligotrophic New Caledonia lagoon

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2016 — WHE1E0D3E9144

A groundbreaking study reveals that unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (UCYN-C) significantly contribute to zooplankton nitrogen biomass through direct grazing, marking the first evidence of such a pathway. Conducted during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in New Caledonia's oligotrophic lagoon, researchers deployed large-scale mesocosms to stimulate diazotroph production and track its impact on zooplankton. Using isotopic mixing models and 15N2 labeling, they found that UCYN-C-derived nitrogen accounted for up to 73% of zooplankton biomass in one mesocosm, while other diazotrophs like het-1 and Trichodesmium relied more on secondary pathways. The study highlights the dual role of UCYN-C in the lagoon's food web, providing critical insights into nitrogen cycling in low-nutrient tropical ecosystems.

Contributions by Reverend Johannes Jacobus Ulster to the development of the Moravian Mission Station, Elim, 1965-1974

Moravian Church Settlements — 2016 — WHE196DACDFFA

Reverend Johannes Jacobus Ulster's tenure as the first indigenous minister and mayor of the Moravian Mission Station, Elim (1965-1974), marked a transformative period for the mission. His leadership significantly stabilized the station by addressing long-standing conflicts, enhancing spiritual welfare through adherence to the Moravian motto 'Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him,' and initiating sustainable socio-cultural and community development projects. These contributions are widely regarded as a 'golden period' in Elim's history, leaving a lasting impact on its spiritual and socio-educational infrastructure. This historic literature review synthesizes Ulster's role within the local mission context and the broader Moravian Church, highlighting his pivotal influence on the station's stability and development.