World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 21801 – 21820 of 30345 publications

Foreigners in Ancient Egypt: Theban Tomb Paintings from the Early Eighteenth Dynasty (1550–1372 BC)

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2016 — WHE488C1CA08C

A shift in the portrayal of foreigners is evident in Theban tomb paintings from the early 18th Dynasty (1550–1372 BCE), marking a departure from traditional depictions of chaos. During this period, characterized by heightened international trade and imperial expansion, foreigners are depicted as orderly bearers of tribute, symbolizing wealth and prestige for the tomb owners. This transformation reflects the Egyptian state's ability to impose order on foreign lands while underscoring the tomb owner's capacity to overcome chaos. The study analyzes these new representations, providing insights into the evolving perceptions of foreigners during a pivotal era in ancient Egypt.

Forest biodiversity in Andean brow and its relation to the carbon content in the above-ground biomass

Sangay National Park — 2016 — WHEBF4E4873A7

Andean brow forests, particularly those within the buffer zone of Sangay National Park in Ecuador, serve as significant carbon sinks, with above-ground biomass carbon content ranging from 30.56 to 182.24 tons per hectare. These variations are closely linked to biodiversity indices, such as Shannon and Simpson, which reflect species richness and evenness. The study identified Melastomataceae, especially the Miconia genus, as a dominant family, comprising nearly 31% of the 518 individuals sampled across 19 species, 18 genera, and 17 families. This finding underscores the potential of these forests to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration while highlighting their vulnerability. The research employed 12 permanent sampling plots to assess biodiversity and carbon content, providing critical insights for conservation strategies that balance ecosystem services with environmental protection.

Form function and key elements of Fujian Tulou --A Case Study of Nanjing Tulou

Fujian Tulou — 2016 — WHE0199DE251B

Fujian Tulou, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, exhibits diverse architectural forms and structures. A study of Nanjing Tulou in Fujian Province reveals that these earthen buildings can be classified into three distinct types based on their architectural forms, functional layouts, and construction elements: round, square, and deviant forms. This classification provides insight into the adaptive design principles and structural integrity of Tulou, contributing to a deeper understanding of their cultural significance and engineering prowess.

Fossiliferous Holocene tufa of Mende (Lozère, southern France): implication for the Atlantic vegetation of the Causses Basin

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2016 — WHE790C30DC68

A rare Holocene fossiliferous tufa deposit near Mende, Lozère, southern France, provides unprecedented insights into the Atlantic vegetation of the Causses Basin. Radiocarbon dating and geomorphological analysis reveal that this calcite-rich deposit, linked to a karstic hydrological system, formed during the Atlantic period (Holocene). The flora, dominated by angiosperms, includes leaves and reproductive structures from species such as Acer platanoides, Corylus sp., Hedera sp., Salix cf. cinerea, and Tilia cordata. This discovery suggests that while Pinus-dominated forests and oak groves likely thrived in the northern part of the basin during this period, valleys were locally inhabited by diversified wet angiosperm-dominated forests. The study enhances our limited understanding of Atlantic floras in the region.

Fountains Abbey and the Acquisition of Bordley-In-Craven: Anglo-Scandinavians, Scots and Monastic Flocks

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey — 2016 — WHE7F9C030E03

Historical analysis of Fountains Abbey reveals the strategic acquisition of Bordley-in-Craven, shedding light on the interplay between Anglo-Scandinavian, Scots, and monastic interests during medieval England. The study leverages surviving manuscripts to reconstruct land transactions omitted in previous published records, offering new insights into monastic expansion and political dynamics. By examining charters and property records, researchers trace the abbey's growth through acquisitions, highlighting its role as a center of economic and social influence. This work contributes to understanding the complex interactions between ethnic groups and religious institutions during the Norman period.

Framing the Mogao Caves in the Encounters between Tourists and Site Interpreters

Mogao Caves — 2016 — WHEB000FB1D2F

A study on the Mogao Caves reveals that interactions between tourists and site interpreters significantly influence the management and interpretation of archaeological sites, reshaping the 'interaction order' as defined by Erving Goffman. The research analyzes how these encounters frame and reframe the site's experience, highlighting the dynamic relationship between tourists and heritage professionals. By focusing on face-to-face interactions, the study provides insights into the challenges posed by mass tourism to traditional site management practices, offering a nuanced understanding of how heritage sites can be both preserved and interpreted in a way that engages visitors while maintaining academic integrity.

Friend or foe: Islamic views of the military orders in the Latin East as drawn from Arabic sources KEVIN JAMES LEWIS (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD)

Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din — 2016 — WHE13CBAC2B06

Syrian Muslims in the Latin East held nuanced views of the monastic military orders, recognizing their dual nature as both monks and warriors. Contrary to previous assumptions, Arabic sources suggest a deeper understanding among Muslims of the orders' monastic vocation, which added cultural and ideological dimensions to conflicts between Christians and Muslims. The study reveals an apparent paradox: while some sources depict the orders as allies, others portray them as infidels, highlighting the complexity of their perception. Research analyzed Arabic terms for the Hospitallers (isbitāriyya) and Templars (dāwiyya), tracing their etymology to Latin or Old French roots, rather than Syriac origins proposed earlier. This challenges existing scholarship and sheds light on the semantic distinction of these orders from other Franks.

Fringe belt analysis: a method for confirming the establishment of the historical boundaries of Rabat

Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage — 2016 — WHE2E5DF1F806

Fringe belts, extensive low-density areas designated for institutional use, serve as a key morphological element in Rabat's urban landscape, revealing the city's historical boundaries and evolution. This study demonstrates that fringe belt analysis can effectively confirm the Kasbah of Oudayas as the first Islamic urban nucleus in Rabat, addressing the fragmentation concerns raised during its 2012 UNESCO World Heritage nomination. By investigating Rabat's morphological development periods, the research provides a method to understand how fringe belts contribute to identifying historic areas and their cultural significance. This approach offers new perspectives for studying traditional human settlements, aiding practitioners and academics in urban morphology and heritage conservation.

From ‘southern’ to ‘ordinary’

Historic Centre of Naples — 2016 — WHED57E834823

A rethinking of spatial segregation in southern European cities, particularly Naples' historic centre, reveals that the concept of 'ordinary' better captures exclusionary dynamics than traditional 'southern' or postcolonial frameworks. The study challenges conventional associations between segregation and public space while examining how global issues like migration and cultural heritage reshape urban landscapes. Through long-standing research in Naples, it highlights nuanced patterns of spatial reordering, emphasizing the need to consider both inter- and intra-city exclusionary processes. This approach offers a more inclusive lens for analyzing urban transformations in southern Europe.

From Ahu to Avebury: Monumentality, the Social, and Relational Ontologies

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2016 — WHE499E139578

This chapter challenges conventional archaeological approaches by advocating for the integration of landscape, architectural, and material culture studies to better understand monumentality. It argues that causewayed enclosures, such as those at Stonehenge and Avebury, should be interpreted not just as physical structures but as 'acts of enclosure' with social and relational significance. The research builds on Jeremy Till's concept of dependent architecture, emphasizing its contingent nature as an opportunity for creative interpretation and future archaeological inquiry. By bridging theoretical divides, the chapter offers a new framework for analyzing monumental sites, highlighting their dynamic relationship with social contexts.

From Conservation to Sustainable Development—A Case Study of Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia

Angkor — 2016 — WHE75D9E42576

Angkor is shifting its management focus from monument conservation to sustainable development of the broader Angkor ecosystem. This study highlights the potential for Angkor to serve as a model for integrating cultural ecosystem services into heritage conservation, bridging site protection with regional sustainable development in Siem Reap province. The research emphasizes the need for an ecosystem approach, aligning with the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, to address environmental, social, and economic challenges. It advocates for demarcating areas beyond site boundaries based on deep knowledge of people-environment relationships, offering a framework for balancing conservation with broader development goals.

From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari)

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2016 — WHE45220CD754

Wild dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari) can live for at least 13 years, with one individual successfully producing litters for over a decade. This finding emerges from a long-term study tracking ear-tagged and microchipped dingoes since 2002, providing rare longevity data for free-ranging Australian dingoes. Researchers analyzed recapture records and mortality observations to document the lifespan of three individuals, including a female dingo tracked from 2003 until her death in 2014. Such life-history insights are critical for assessing the stability and dynamics of closed dingo populations, offering valuable conservation implications for this species of high ecological significance.

From Management to Engagement – Tour Guides in Skaftafell at Vatnajökull National Park

Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice — 2016 — WHEB1E7111FFA

Tour guides at Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, possess valuable knowledge that can significantly contribute to sustainable tourism management. Their insights reveal a strong commitment to protecting both the natural and human environment, highlighting gaps in current business practices and public management procedures that hinder sustainability. Guides advocate for their inclusion in decision-making processes to enhance visitor safety and meet conservation targets. The study used semi-structured interviews and mental mapping with guides to explore their perceptions of their role and the state of hiking trails, suggesting that their compassionate engagement could serve as a motivator for sustainable resource management.

From One Patria, Two Nations in the Andean Heartland (Chapter 9)

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2016 — WHE94BA4A405A

Andean history reveals that the division of Bolivia and Peru into separate nations was not inevitable, despite political fragmentation during independence. The study explores how convergence forces—such as Inka integration, Spanish colonial economic ties, and indigenous resilience—sustained a cohesive regional identity. Using historical analysis, it examines trade networks, labor systems (e.g., mitá), and cultural adaptations that persisted across administrative borders, including the 1776 split between Viceroyalties of Peru and Río de la Plata. Findings highlight how indigenous communities maintained self-rule and economic resilience, even as silver production declined post-1650. The research underscores the contingency of national boundaries in the region, shaped by both local agency and global economic shifts.

From the valley to the shore: A hypothesis of the spatial evolution of ceremonial centres on Tahiti and Ra‘iatea, Society Islands

Taputapuātea — 2016 — WHE08FE60889A

A spatial shift in ceremonial centres from inland to coastal locations occurred on Tahiti and Ra‘iatea, Society Islands, between the late 17th and early 18th centuries. This evolution was driven by political influences, particularly from Ra‘iatea’s Opoa chiefdom, which likely shaped Tahitian polities through the establishment of new marae (sacred complexes) and sacred landscapes. The study integrates archaeological data, ethnohistoric records, and toponymic analysis to reconstruct the ethnohistories of Tahitian chiefdoms—Vaiari, Papara, and Manotahi (Puna‘auia)—revealing a pattern of ceremonial centre relocation that mirrors Ra‘iatea’s model. This suggests a broader influence of Opoa on Windward Islands’ political and religious landscapes.

From Undang-undang Melaka to federal constitution: the dynamics of multicultural Malaysia

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2016 — WHEB0EDE852F2

Malaysia's legal system uniquely combines Islamic law (sharia) and civil law, with sharia restricted to Muslim family matters while civil law governs other domains. This dual system emerged from historical transitions, including the 15th-century Undang-undang Melaka (Malacca Laws), which reflected Islamic customs and local traditions before colonial influences introduced civil law. A qualitative study using historical comparative methods analyzed selected examples from the Hukum Kanun Melaka monograph, revealing that without a common law system, Malaysia would have retained its traditional Islamic-based legal framework. The research highlights how post-independence Malaysia (1957) preserved this coexistence, shaping its multicultural identity.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire

Frontiers of the Roman Empire — 2016 — WHEA4899F633F

A comprehensive exploration of the Roman frontiers, known as 'limes' in German literature, reveals that these frontiers were not merely defined by military structures but also by complex social and cultural dynamics. The study emphasizes a shift from traditional military-focused interpretations to broader analyses that incorporate the experiences and identities of populations living along and beyond these frontiers. Spanning from the 1st to early 5th century, this research highlights the multifaceted nature of frontier heritage, moving away from material remains to encompass historical, social, and interpretive dimensions. It also addresses contemporary approaches to preserving and understanding this heritage in the 21st century.

Frugivore assemblage of Ficus superba in a warm‐temperate forest in Yakushima, Japan

Yakushima — 2016 — WHEBD92E3FD74

Japanese macaques are the dominant consumers of Ficus superba figs in Yakushima's warm-temperate forests, accounting for 87.6% of consumption, with seasonal shifts in their feeding behavior linked to temperature and fruit availability. Unlike birds, which increase fig consumption during cooler months when insect prey is scarce, macaques rely on F. superba as a fallback food during periods of low fruit abundance, particularly in winter. The study employed 141 four-hour observations over 12 months to quantify frugivore contributions and identify factors influencing seasonal consumption patterns, revealing macaques' strategic use of figs amid environmental constraints.

Fuerstia marisgermanicae gen. nov., sp. nov., an Unusual Member of the Phylum Planctomycetes from the German Wadden Sea

Wadden Sea — 2016 — WHE71B83FB71D

Researchers have identified Fuerstia marisgermanicae, a novel genus and species of planctomycete bacteria, isolated from a crustacean shell in the German Wadden Sea. This discovery is significant as it represents an unusual member of the Planctomycetes phylum, exhibiting unique traits such as budding-like cell division and an enlarged periplasmic space. The strain NH11T, with its nearly 9 Mb genome, stands out for harboring 'giant genes'—a feature common in planctomycetes but rarely studied. Phylogenetic analysis confirms its distinctness from other cultivated species, with only 87% 16S rRNA sequence identity to its closest relative, Gimesia maris. The study highlights the Wadden Sea's ecological significance as a source of genetically diverse and unexplored microbial life, contributing to our understanding of planctomycetal diversity and their role in global biogeochemical cycles.

Fünf Museen. Zehn Euro: UNESCO-Welterbetag am 5. Juni 2016 auf der Museumsinsel Berlin

Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin — 2016 — WHE7A6112AB47

On June 5, 2016, the Museumsinsel Berlin celebrated UNESCO World Heritage Day with a diverse program under the theme 'UNESCO – Welterbe verbindet,' highlighting the connection between Berlin's cultural heritage and endangered sites in the Near and Middle East. The five museums—Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Alte Nationalgalerie, Altes Museum, Bode-Museum, Neues Museum, and Pergamonmuseum—offered guided tours, lectures, and discussions, emphasizing their role in preserving global cultural heritage. Informational displays across the island further illustrated the link between Berlin's collections and worldwide UNESCO sites, underscoring the importance of cross-cultural collaboration in heritage conservation.