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Publications

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Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks — 2015 — WHE20933EE628

Hopewell communities appear to have formally terminated their activities through ritualized practices, including burning structures and burying mounds with earth. At the Fort Ancient earthwork's Moorehead Circle, a complex of wooden posts, ceremonial features, and gravel trenches was found, with many posts removed in ways suggesting deliberate termination. This study highlights the structured nature of these rituals across multiple locations within the circle, offering new insights into the symbolic significance of post treatment in Hopewell culture.

The Evaluation of the Cultural Risk in the Small and Medium Albanian Enterprises: A Case Study – SMEs in the Gjirokastra Region

Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra — 2015 — WHEACD1ED09FD

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Albania, particularly those in the Gjirokastra regionface significant cultural risks that impact their economic activity. Despite limited awareness among Albanian SMEs, these risks cannot be eliminated but must be managed effectively to sustain business operations. The study employed a quantitative approach using SPSS Statistics (version 21) with logistic regression analysis to assess the influence of cultural risk factors on SME performance. Findings indicate that cultural risk, though underrecognized, plays a substantial role in shaping business outcomes, necessitating greater attention from stakeholders to mitigate potential negative effects.

The Evergreen: A New Season in the North ed. by Sean Bradley and Elizabeth Elliott (review)

Old and New Towns of Edinburgh — 2015 — WHE0CD113F418

A new edition of 'The Evergreen: A New Season in the North' revives the legacy of Patrick Geddes's 19th-century journal, blending contemporary Scottish cultural politics with historical insights. This publication, edited by Sean Bradley and Elizabeth Elliott, explores the significance of place-based identity and sustainable urban living, drawing parallels to Geddes's 'civics' approach that integrated aesthetic and scientific perspectives. It includes diverse contributions from international authors, reflecting on local traditions while addressing modern challenges such as immigration and urban renewal. The edition supports the Edinburgh Old Town Development Trust, emphasizing its role in revitalizing Scotland's historic capital. Its design, inspired by the original Arts and Crafts movement yet modernized, underscores a commitment to both heritage preservation and contemporary relevance.

The Evolution of Roman Frontier Concept and Policy

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia — 2015 — WHEB71EF97A4C

Roman frontier policy during its expansion was characterized by a unique approach that balanced defense with permeability, allowing for the free movement of people and goods—a stark contrast to modern frontier concepts. This study reveals that despite Rome's ideological claim of infinite territorial reach, its actual frontiers evolved dynamically over a millennium, adapting to challenges posed by external threats. The research highlights Dacia as a prime example of this complex system, where frontier development peaked during the 2nd century AD, reflecting Rome's innovative strategies for securing its borders while maintaining cultural and economic exchange. By analyzing historical records and archaeological evidence, the study reconstructs how Roman frontier policies evolved in response to territorial expansion and external pressures.

The excavation of the Wangyukou Locus South at Yinxu Site in Anyang City, Henan in 2009

Yin Xu — 2015 — WHE8EA75FCC06

Excavations at the Wangyukou Locus South in Yin Xu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a key Shang Dynasty archaeological site in Anyang, Henan, revealed significant insights into the social structure of diviner groups during this period. Two tombs, M103 and M94, were identified as part of a potential family cemetery linked to a named diviner from oracle bone inscriptions. These tombs, dating to Phases II and III respectively, exhibited distinct characteristics that provide rare evidence for studying the hierarchical positions of diviners and their evolution over time. The excavation, conducted by the Anyang Archaeological Team between March and December 2009, uncovered roads, house foundations, wells, ash pits, sacrificial pits, and burials, offering a comprehensive view of Shang Dynasty life and ritual practices.

The first freshwater molluscs from Wrangel Island, Arctic Russia

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve — 2015 — WHE3C393E200D

Scientists report the first documented finding of a freshwater snail, Sibirenauta sibiricus, on Wrangel Island, a remote Arctic site. This discovery marks the first record of a freshwater mollusc species in this region, challenging previous assumptions about its biodiversity. Researchers compared specimens from the island with the type series to confirm their identity and briefly discussed potential migration pathways for aquatic molluscs to the Arctic. The study, published in Polar Research, sheds light on the island's ecological history and contributes to our understanding of Arctic freshwater ecosystems.

The first ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain Model of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2015 — WHEC624264C7B

A groundbreaking ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island, part of Italy's UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, reveals intricate volcanic, erosive-depositional, and anthropic features previously unseen in such detail. This first-of-its-kind multibeam bathymetric survey, covering depths from 0.1 to 150 meters, provides unprecedented insights into the island's shallow seafloor morphology, complementing existing data collected at greater depths (100–1300 meters). The resulting maps, with resolutions of 0.1 to 0.5 meters, highlight the dynamic nature of this active volcanic area and identify potential geohazard factors in shallow waters, offering critical implications for coastal management and hazard assessment.

The Florentine House of Medici (1389-1743)

Historic Centre of Florence — 2015 — WHEA484ABFAD6

The House of Medici, as rulers and patrons of Florence from the mid-15th to mid-18th centuries, not only significantly shaped the Renaissance but also epitomized it through their extensive contributions to cultural heritage. This study evaluates eight key Medici figures, analyzing their patronage in art, literature, science, and architecture while contextualizing these efforts within the social, political, economic, and geopolitical conditions of their time. By examining how the Medici leveraged historical knowledge and contemporary culture to solidify their legacy, the research provides a novel perspective on their role in defining the Renaissance. The findings underscore the critical importance of preservation efforts for cultural heritage, as evidenced by ICOMOS' support for UNESCO's designation of Florence's Historic Centre as a World Heritage Site.

The Foraging Tactics of Chestnut-winged Babbler (Stachyris erythroptera) and Abbott's Babbler (Malacocincla abbotti) in a Lowland Rainforest, Malaysia

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2015 — WHEE5615FDB29

Two species of babblers, the Chestnut-winged Babbler (Stachyris erythroptera) and Abbott's Babbler (Malacocincla abbotti), coexist in the lowland rainforest of Lenggong Valley, Malaysia, despite their similar dietary habits. This coexistence is enabled by distinct foraging tactics: the Chestnut-winged Babbler primarily uses stretching manoeuvres to reach food, while Abbott's Babbler relies on gleaning. The study, conducted from July 2010 to July 2011, analyzed foraging height, substrates, and attack manoeuvres using principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation. Both species utilized similar proportions of low-height foraging (>0-2 m) and dead leaves as substrates but differed in their attack strategies, supporting Gause's Law of competitive exclusion by demonstrating niche separation.

The Formation and Development of Won(園) Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty — 2015 — WHE0C1D38EA08

A unique burial tradition, the 'Won' tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, emerged as an intermediary status between royal 'neung' and common 'myo' tombs. This study reveals that Won tombs were invented by King Injo to honor his deceased parents post-coup d'état but gained prominence under King Yeongjo, who established a distinct system ('Gungwonje') for elite royals, including concubines and heirs. By the end of the Dynasty, 21 Won tombs were created, with 15 surviving intact today. Unlike royal 'neung' tombs, Won tombs lack retaining stones or military statues, featuring only one pair of stone animals—half the number found in neung. This research highlights Won as a valuable historical artifact reflecting Joseon's complex royal lineage dynamics and burial hierarchies.

The Formulation Process and Characteristics of Historic Conservation System in Hoi An, Vietnam

Hoi An Ancient Town — 2015 — WHE570C8792E4

Hoi An Ancient Town's historic conservation system is distinguished by three key features: funding from tourist ticket revenues, state-led regeneration of buildings, and the involvement of professional organizations in preserving both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This study reveals that these elements have been crucial in shaping effective conservation policies and their implementation. By analyzing policy formulation and execution processes, researchers identified how financial mechanisms, government leadership, and specialized expertise collectively contribute to the town's preservation efforts.

The fortification of Angkor Wat

Angkor — 2015 — WHE617B1BC3EB

Angkor Wat, renowned for its role as a Vishnuite temple in the 12th and 13th centuries, underwent significant fortifications between the late 13th and early 17th centuries. Analysis of masonry holes and structural modifications to its outer walls reveals that wooden defensive structures were erected, suggesting Angkor Wat's final attempt at defense during this period. The study investigates these traces to reconstruct the site's later phases, providing new insights into its adaptive reuse and strategic significance.

The Gardens' bulletin Singapore.. Vol. 67(1).

Singapore Botanic Gardens — 2015 — WHE11F188E169

During the period preceding the Japanese attack on Malaya, significant disruptions to botanical work at Singapore Botanic Gardens were observed. Most senior staff were temporarily reassigned to other duties under the Departments of Food Control and Information, leading to a marked reduction in botanical activities. This shift highlights the broader impact of political instability on scientific institutions, demonstrating how external events can alter research priorities and operational focus.

The Gardens' bulletin Singapore.. Vol. 67(2).

Singapore Botanic Gardens — 2015 — WHE83BA6A762D

During the pre-World War II period, particularly prior to the Japanese attack on Malaya, the Singapore Botanic Gardens experienced significant disruptions in botanical work. Senior staff were seconded for duties under the Departments of Food Control and Information, leading to a marked reduction in botanical activities. This historical account highlights the impact of wartime conditions on scientific research and institutional operations at one of Southeast Asia's notable botanical institutions.

The Gebel Barkal Stelae and the Discovery of Ancient Nubia: Auguste Mariette's Inspiration for Aïda

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region — 2015 — WHE66E8FF9597

Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aïda, first performed in 1871, draws inspiration from the historical stelae discovered at Gebel Barkal, the ancient Nubian capital of Napata. Research reveals that French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, who suggested the opera's scenario in 1865, based it on motifs found in five stelae unearthed in 1862 and other historical sources dating from the 8th to 3rd centuries BCE. While Aïda is not grounded in an actual historical narrative, it incorporates elements such as the trial and execution of an innocent man—parallels seen in Mariette's historical collage and the opera's plot—illustrating how Mariette combined ancient Nubian themes during a pivotal period of archaeological discovery.

The Genius Loci at the Great Temple of Abu Simbel: Hermeneutic Reading in the Architectural Language of Ancient Egyptian Temples of Ramses II in Nubia

Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae — 2015 — WHE77A5F2CBB3

This study reveals that the Temple of Abu Simbel's location and unique design were primarily driven by political and conceptual factors during the reign of Ramses II, rather than religious tradition. By employing hermeneutic analysis—examining parts to understand the whole and then contextualizing it within a broader framework—the research demonstrates the validity of this approach in uncovering new dimensions about historical monuments. The study leverages Norberg-Schulz's Genius Loci concept and Heidegger's anticipatory fore-structures to interpret the temple's significance, offering fresh insights into its architectural language.

The Hybrid Pier of Durham Cathedral: A Norman Monument to the Shrine of St. Cuthbert?

Durham Castle and Cathedral — 2015 — WHE4BDCEC0FFC

Durham Cathedral's hybrid pier, featuring spiral and chevron fluting, challenges the symmetry of its transepts and is the only pier framing an altar space with non-exclusively spiral ornamentation. Reassessing this anomaly through historical, archaeological, and architectural evidence reveals a possible connection to earlier stone churches constructed for St. Cuthbert's shrine. Twelfth-century sources and minor excavations suggest that these churches may have run parallel to the Norman nave, with their presbytery located beneath the hybrid pier. Surviving features in the northeast cloister walk imply the existence of a temporary shrine structure, prompting a reconsideration of the pier's design significance. This study sheds light on Norman churchmen's attitudes toward the cult of Northumbrian saint St. Cuthbert.

The impact of herd composition and foraging area on livestock predation by big cats in the P antanal of B razil

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2015 — WHED6AE846CE4

A study in the Pantanal Conservation Area revealed that cattle predation by jaguars and pumas is significantly influenced by herd composition and environmental factors. Predation rates increased with higher water levels of the Paraguay River, which forced herds to concentrate on higher ground near forested areas, making them more vulnerable to attacks. Conversely, a greater proportion of adult cattle in the herd reduced predation frequency, likely due to defensive behaviors that protected younger animals. Juveniles were disproportionately targeted by predators. Over 50% of recorded livestock mortality events were attributed to big cat predation, resulting in an annual loss of up to 2.83% of the average herd size and financial losses of approximately $22,400. These findings highlight critical factors that predispose cattle to predation, offering potential management strategies to mitigate losses and reduce human-wildlife conflict.

The importance of graphic representation in monastic hydraulics: Saint-Gall, Christchurch and Vallbona de les Monges

Abbey of St Gall — 2015 — WHE95ABD370FB

Graphic representations of monastic hydraulic systems, preserved through centuries in manuscripts from Saint-Gall Abbey, Christchurch, and Vallbona de les Monges, offer critical insights into the 'invisible architecture' beneath these UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These drawings reveal intricate water supply channels, irrigation rights, and pumping mechanisms that were integral to monastic life but have largely vanished today. The study highlights how early Christian monasticism transitioned from anchoritic lifestyles to organized communities with sophisticated hydraulic infrastructure, demonstrating the enduring significance of graphic documentation in understanding historical engineering practices.

The Incalculable Weight of Small Numbers: Hunters, Land Use, and the Poplar River First Nation Proposal for a World Heritage Site

Pimachiowin Aki — 2015 — WHEB785F6E87A

Poplar River First Nation's bid to designate their traditional trapline territory as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Pimachiowin Aki represents a groundbreaking Indigenous-led initiative. This effort leverages global recognition to achieve local goals, challenging conventional development paradigms and ensuring the permanence of cultural practices. Despite its small population, the community's resistance to non-renewable resource exploitation has garnered significant attention in Manitoba, Canada, and internationally. The study highlights the transformative potential of Indigenous-led conservation efforts in redefining land protection and sustainable development.