World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 24141 – 24160 of 30345 publications

The Indian Sundarban Mangrove Forests: History, Utilization, Conservation Strategies and Local Perception

The Sundarbans — 2015 — WHE19CE5C6F95

Despite maintaining its vast extent, the Indian Sundarbans mangrove forest has experienced significant changes in health and structure over the past two-and-a-half centuries due to human interference, upstream development, extreme weather events, and climate change effects. This study reveals that while the areal coverage of the mangroves has remained relatively stable recently, their ecological integrity is under threat. Researchers used a multi-temporal and multi-scale approach, combining historical maps and remote sensing data, to trace these changes. The findings underscore the complex interplay between conservation strategies, local livelihoods, and environmental pressures, highlighting the need for adaptive management to protect this critical ecosystem.

The Indo-Aryan Image of “Raja-Sardula” among the Saryarka Nomads

Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan — 2015 — WHE74A8DFF538

Archaeological evidence from the Saryarka region reveals that early Scythian nomads incorporated Indo-Aryan imagery, specifically the 'Raja-Sardula' motif, into their art, challenging traditional narratives about Eurasian steppe cultures. This study bridges a gap in historical records by analyzing artefacts featuring tiger imagery, characteristic of the Scythian animal style, and connecting them to ethnographic data from Indo-Aryan sources. The findings suggest cultural exchanges between these nomadic tribes and Indo-Aryan populations, offering new insights into the social and symbolic practices of early Eurasian steppe societies.

The Influence of Destination Personality on Brand Image Evaluation Among Archaeological Tourists

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2015 — WHECF0E6E086C

A study on the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley reveals that its brand personality significantly influences tourists' evaluation of its image. The research identified six key dimensions—competence, sophistication, sincerity, ruggedness, demonstrative, and emotional—with four (sincerity, ruggedness, sophistication, and demonstrative) positively impacting brand perception. Notably, the dimensions 'demonstrative' and 'emotional' emerged as new contributions to tourism marketing literature. The study analyzed responses from 300 tourists at the Lenggong Valley Archaeological Gallery using Aaker’s (1997) brand personality framework, providing insights into how destination personality shapes archaeological tourism experiences.

The Influence of French Colonial Rule on Lao Architecture with a Focus on Residential Buildings

Town of Luang Prabang — 2015 — WHEAA2B955BDF

French colonial rule (1893–1953) left a lasting architectural imprint on Lao PDR, blending traditional Lao and French elements into climate-adapted designs that persist today. Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995, exemplifies this fusion, where colonial villas subtly influenced local residential structures while retaining cultural authenticity. The study analyzes how social, economic, and climatic factors reshaped these styles, emphasizing their compatibility with tropical conditions. By examining historical adaptations, the research highlights the resilience of Lao architecture in preserving heritage amid foreign influences.

The Integrated Survey for Excavated Architectures: The Complex of Casalnuovo District Within the World Heritage Site “Sassi” (Matera, Italy)

The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera — 2015 — WHE3907AFC69E

A unique urban phenomenon in Matera, Italy, characterized by the volumetric material identity and special construction conditions of its excavated architectures, has been identified. This phenomenon, developed over time under stable environmental conditions, showcases a spontaneous harmonious balance between building artifacts and their calcareous host texture. The study employed an integrated survey approach using non-destructive techniques such as digital photogrammetry, total station, laser scanner, and thermography to create a three-dimensional computer model. This model aids in the diagnosis and preservation of the integrity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, combining traditional and innovative methods within a dialectic between memory and design.

The International Legal Status of the Vatican/Holy See Complex

Vatican City — 2015 — WHE95813DAA0D

The international legal status of the Vatican/Holy See complex (VHS) does not meet criteria for statehood, according to a re-examination of its claims. The study argues that traditional grounds cited—such as diplomatic exchanges, membership in international agreements, and historical treaties like the 1929 Lateran Pacts—do not confer state status under international law. Diplomatic interactions remain missionary and hierarchical, lacking the reciprocity or customary obligations typical of sovereign states. Since the eclipse of the papal state in 1870, the VHS's legal standing has remained unchanged, despite its participation in global organizations. The research emphasizes that the Roman Catholic Church, as one among many faith-based movements, should not be privileged in temporal governance under international law.

The Investigation of Living Heritage Attributes in Living Heritage Sites

Town of Luang Prabang — 2015 — WHEF3AA3A04CC

Balancing conservation priorities and local development needs is critical for sustaining living heritage sites, such as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This study highlights the risks when conservation efforts dominate, potentially disrupting social fabric and undermining community well-being—illustrated by Luang Prabang in Lao PDR. Through comparative analysis of Nan (Thailand) and Luang Prabang, researchers used interviews, field surveys, and documentary data to assess living heritage attributes and their evolution over time. The findings underscore the necessity for collaborative stakeholder networks to maintain equilibrium between preservation demands and local development, ensuring the long-term viability of such sites.

The Ladinian Flora from the Cassina Beds (Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland): Preliminary Results

Monte San Giorgio — 2015 — WHE00870CB857

A newly excavated site at Monte San Giorgio has revealed a Ladinian flora from the Cassina beds of the Lower Meride Limestone. The study identifies at least five plant species, with conifer remains—particularly Elatocladus cassinae n. sp., Voltzia, and ?Pelourdea—being the most prevalent. Additionally, seed ferns (Ptilozamites) and possible cycadalean remains (?Taeniopteris) were found. Among these, only Voltzia had been previously documented at Monte San Giorgio. The research suggests a diverse flora thrived in the region during the Ladinian period, with preservation patterns indicating a taphonomically-biased record and a distant source area. This discovery provides new insights into the paleobotanical history of the site.

The landscape development of Saint Petersburg (1853–2003)

Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments — 2015 — WHE8775BD1C8C

Saint Petersburg, renowned for its architectural beauty and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, faces significant challenges to the preservation of its historical landscapes. A study analyzing landscape development from 1853 to 2003 reveals that modern urban planning has disrupted the city's compositional unity, particularly in central squares, green areas near landmarks like the Old Stock Exchange, and the Peter and Paul Fortress esplanade. These changes conflict with UNESCO criteria for heritage preservation. The research identifies key losses, such as the fragmentation of open spaces and encroachment by buildings, while proposing recommendations to restore lost value and improve urban harmony. This work underscores the tension between contemporary development and historical integrity in one of Europe's most culturally significant cities.

The landscape of Angkor Wat redefined

Angkor — 2015 — WHE8356F1BF45

Recent advancements in LiDAR technology have revolutionized the understanding of Angkor Wat's landscape, revealing a complex far more extensive and intricate than previously believed. This breakthrough has enabled archaeologists to map hidden terrain beneath dense vegetation, uncovering previously unknown relationships between site elements and exposing a massive, unique structure that was hitherto unknown. The study, which combines high-resolution LiDAR data with targeted ground-based research, provides unprecedented chronological resolution and challenges long-standing assumptions about the Angkor Wat complex.

The Lion's Gate and the Persian Wall in Byblos opening the doors of digital representation to the cultural heritage of a resilient city in Lebanon

Byblos — 2015 — WHE1D4FD42566

Digital photogrammetric modeling of the Lion's Gate at Byblos' Persian Wall demonstrates a promising approach to enhance the dissemination of cultural heritage and support urban planning efforts. This method, applied as part of a broader strategy for preserving the UNESCO-listed archaeological site, offers remote access to historical data for scholars, tourists, and planners. The preliminary research suggests that such digital representations can bridge gaps in knowledge transfer and aid in the valorization of resilient cities like Byblos, which is also recognized as one of the '100 Resilient Cities.' Future surveys aim to expand this model into a shared web repository, further enriching the understanding and conservation of this ancient site.

The Literary Refugees of Timbuktu: How a Group of Unlikely Allies Thwarted Al Qaeda and Organized One of the Most Brazen Cultural Heritage Evacuations Ever Attempted

Timbuktu — 2015 — WHE261C0891D0

In the face of Al Qaeda's control over Timbuktu, Mali, in 2012, an unprecedented cultural heritage evacuation successfully rescued 95% of the city's ancient manuscripts—hundreds of thousands of scientific, literary, and religious texts. This achievement, one of the most brazen cultural heritage evacuations ever attempted, highlights the effectiveness of cross-disciplinary collaboration among unlikely allies in preserving historical treasures during conflict. The study examines three critical phases: preparation, evacuation, and continued preservation, offering valuable insights for cultural heritage institutions worldwide.

The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe: An Introduction

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias — 2015 — WHE2F31BC88CF

Prehistoric megalithic monuments, such as those near Covadonga in Asturias, Spain, held significant symbolic power even during the turbulent transition from the Visigoth Kingdom to the Christian Kingdom of Asturias. The study reveals that King Pelayo and his successor Favila strategically chose these ancient sites for burial, associating themselves with 'ancestral power' to legitimize their rule amidst political instability following the Arab invasion. This pattern of symbolic capitalization persisted into modern times when Felipe VI was invested as Prince of Asturias in 1977, drawing on the same historical roots. The research approach combines historiography and archaeological context to demonstrate how prehistoric monuments served as instruments of political legitimacy across centuries.

The Logic of Political Conflict in Medieval Cities

City of Verona — 2015 — WHE0D6AF04C28

Late medieval cities, including Verona, were characterized by political systems where conflict was not merely disruptive but an integral part of governance. This study reveals that urban conflicts during the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy and Southern Low Countries were embedded within polycentric political orders, involving multiple units like guilds and external agencies. These conflicts shaped distinct political organizations across cities such as Bologna, Florence, Verona, Liège, Lille, and Tournai, demonstrating that conflict was a legitimized and strategic component of urban politics. The research highlights diverse strategies for addressing conflict, including modes of behavior and forms of association, which varied significantly between cities.

The Making of the Map: the Origin and Lessons of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2015 — WHE73E1A5717B

The Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) revolutionized archaeological mapping by addressing the origin of the ancient city through innovative methods and long-term commitment. Key to its success was defining urban spaces beyond living areas, using low-altitude aerial photography, strategic test excavations, and computerized data management. The project's ability to tackle a significant problem with diverse expertise allowed it to overcome unprecedented challenges in archaeology. While some descriptive data remains unpublished, the TMP's legacy lies in its systematic approach and lessons for future large-scale archaeological endeavors.

The meaning of sense of place: The community of Vredefort Dome and Parys, Free State

Vredefort Dome — 2015 — WHE1FDBF2675D

Residents and tourists in the Vredefort Dome World Heritage Site, South Africa, prioritize protecting the area's unique character, nature, and history when considering development. This study identified three key themes—affective, anthropogenic, and physical environment—that shape their sense of place. Using qualitative methods, including non-probability sampling and content analysis, researchers found that participants exhibit strong awareness for conservation, highlighting gaps in current development planning. These insights could guide stakeholders to better engage communities in sustainable conservation efforts, balancing tourism growth with heritage preservation.

The Measurement by Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) of Disturbance Within the Nasca World Heritage Site

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2015 — WHEE45F04E03A

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) emerges as a powerful tool for monitoring and preserving the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru. This study demonstrates that SAR is uniquely suited to investigate both the environment surrounding the geoglyphs and the geoglyphs themselves, offering unprecedented insights into the human activities and natural processes that threaten their integrity. By categorizing geoglyphs based on structural differences, SAR provides a foundation for a comprehensive geoglyph catalogue, enabling more effective conservation strategies. The research leverages airborne SAR technology to detect disturbances, thereby addressing critical gaps in the understanding of these colossal ground drawings and their vulnerabilities.

The Megalithic Quarry of Baalbek: Sector III the Megaliths of Ḥajjar al-Ḥibla

Baalbek — 2015 — WHEE748A5C8D4

A comprehensive study of the megalithic quarry at Baalbek, Lebanon, reveals critical insights into the ancient stone-cutting techniques and the extensive network of quarries used to supply the monumental temples recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The research, conducted collaboratively between the Lebanese University and the German Expedition of Baalbek, documents the quarry's features in Sector III, known as Ḥajjar al-Ḥibla, providing detailed evidence of the sophisticated methods employed by ancient craftsmen. This study builds on earlier excavations initiated in 1898–1903, offering a broader understanding of the quarry's role in the construction of Baalbek's iconic structures, particularly the Temple of Jupiter. The findings contribute significantly to the archaeological narrative of this site, which has been under continuous investigation since its recognition as a World Heritage Site in 1984.

The metaphorical expression of Nature in Jørn Utzon's design for the Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House — 2015 — WHEBDCED463C3

A significant yet overlooked influence on Jørn Utzon's design for the Sydney Opera House is Chinese architecture, primarily through the interpretations of Finnish art historian Osvald Sirén. This study reveals that Utzon, despite his forced resignation from the project in 1966, drew inspiration from Sirén's scholarly works on Chinese architecture, which had been largely ignored in historical accounts. By analyzing Utzon's design proposals, private collections, and interviews with colleagues, researchers identified direct analogies between Chinese architectural elements and Utzon's reinterpretation of them in the Opera House's design. The study also explores the socio-political contexts shaping Sirén's and Utzon's perspectives on Chinese architecture, providing a deeper understanding of Utzon's creative process.

The Methodical Aspects of Validity Asssegnment for Heat-Moisture Exchange Studies (as an Example the Complex of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra)

Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra — 2015 — WHEBDE21A73EF

A critical analysis of heat-moisture exchange dynamics within the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra cave complex reveals the necessity for rigorous validation of measurement accuracy and initial parameters to ensure reliable modeling. The study emphasizes that deviations in device precision or misinterpretation of moisture state laws can significantly distort findings, underscoring the importance of methodological rigor in environmental studies of such heritage sites. This work provides a framework for assessing the validity of heat-moisture transfer studies, which is essential for preserving microclimatic conditions critical to the conservation of cultural and archaeological assets.