Publications
Changes in tropical leafing behaviour with climate change over nine decades: A case study from the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Over nine decades, leaf flush intervals for tropical tree species at the Singapore Botanic Gardens have significantly shortened, coinciding with changes in rainfall patterns. The study, leveraging historical records from 1927–1939 and ongoing phenological monitoring since 2016, found that mean daily rainfall over 1–4 months prior to leaf flushing either negatively or positively influenced the probability of flushing for nine out of 23 species analyzed. Long-term rainfall data revealed February has become drier while May has grown wetter since the 1960s, suggesting more distinct dry and wet periods today. These shifts may impact plant-herbivore interactions, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem resilience. The research underscores the value of botanical gardens as sentinels for environmental change in tropical regions.
Thysananthus ciliaris (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta), a rare species new to Singapore from the Singapore Botanic Gardens
A rare liverwort species, Thysananthus ciliaris (Lejeuneaceae), has been discovered for the first time in Singapore, within the UNESCO-listed Singapore Botanic Gardens. This poorly documented Southeast Asian species was identified through careful taxonomic study, including the novel documentation of its oil bodies—a first for this species. The discovery expands the known geographical range of T. ciliaris and contributes to its conservation assessment at both global and national levels. Additionally, a lectotype designation strengthens the species' taxonomic clarity. This finding underscores the ecological significance of Singapore's botanical heritage and highlights the importance of systematic surveys in biodiversity hotspots.
Sonic environment of Singapore Botanic Gardens and benchmarking with various urban gardens of the world
Urban parks and gardens often serve as sanctuaries from the noise of city life, providing relatively quiet spaces amidst high traffic and commercial activity. A study measured the sonic environment of Singapore Botanic Gardens and compared it with other renowned urban gardens globally, including Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid, St James’s Park in London, Old Botanical Gardens Hamburg, and Carlton Gardens in Melbourne. The research found that the noise levels (Leq) in Singapore Botanic Gardens were comparable to those of other urban parks, with cicada sounds, human activities, and water features dominating its acoustic landscape. Additionally, the study analyzed the sound levels of various water features like mini waterfalls and fountains, contributing valuable insights into the sonic diversity of these green spaces.
Exploring the effects of a ‘new’ listing of a UNESCO World Heritage Site: the case of Singapore Botanic Gardens
A UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) listing significantly influences visitor behavior, satisfaction, and revisit intentions. A study comparing pre- and post-listing data from the Singapore Botanic Gardens revealed that WHS designation alters the perceived importance of push-pull factors—motivations driving visitors to a site—and increases overall satisfaction and intent to return. The research highlights how global recognition can reshape tourism dynamics, offering actionable insights for marketing strategies. By analyzing visitor surveys before and after the 2015 listing, the study provides evidence that WHS status enhances perceived value and emotional connection to heritage sites.
The study of larger basidiomycetes, especially polypores, in the Malesian region and the role of the Singapore Botanic Gardens
A comprehensive survey of larger basidiomycetes, particularly polypores, across the Malesian region reveals significant biodiversity and ecological insights. The study highlights the Singapore Botanic Gardens as a critical hub for fungal research, emphasizing its role in preserving and documenting this diverse group of fungi. Researchers employed extensive field sampling, taxonomic identification, and phylogenetic analysis to map species distribution and assess their conservation status. Key findings underscore the importance of polypores in tropical ecosystems, with implications for biodiversity conservation and mycological studies.
Ex Situ Orchid Conservation - A Case Study from the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Singapore Botanic Gardens' orchid conservation program has successfully re-introduced five native orchid species, including Grammatophyllum speciosum and Bulbophyllum vaginatum, demonstrating effective ex situ conservation strategies. The study highlights the potential of cryo-seed banking for long-term germplasm preservation, with promising results achieved for multiple endangered species such as Cymbidium finlaysonianum and Dendrobium crumenatum. By monitoring existing populations and exploring innovative conservation techniques, the program aims to restore native orchid diversity in Singapore's managed habitats. A dedicated area at the National Orchid Garden showcases this biodiversity, serving both conservation and educational purposes.
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