World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 27821 – 27840 of 30315 publications

Patronage

Palace and Park of Fontainebleau — 2012 — WHE4E62779C43

This article reveals that Francis I's patronage at Fontainebleau marked a pivotal moment in France's cultural and political evolution, showcasing his strategy to import Renaissance sophistication from Italian courts. By enticing Italian artists to create complex architectural and decorative ensembles, he established a model of cultural-political intervention that significantly influenced France's identity as a culture-state. The study focuses on the 16th century, contrasting it with later periods of the Ancien Régime, emphasizing Fontainebleau's role in this transformation.

Patterns of Disease

Archaeological Site of Carthage — 2012 — WHE17DA149338

Classical Antiquity was characterized by a relatively stable disease landscape, largely confined to the Mediterranean basin with limited exposure to foreign pathogens. This study reveals that large-scale population movements and urban concentrations were rare before the Hellenistic and Roman periods, with most people living in small villages or rural areas. Archaeological evidence suggests substantial population declines due to war and the Antonine plague, while urban centers like Rome saw significant shrinkage by Late Antiquity. The research combines historical data, archaeological surveys, and papyri records to reconstruct demographic patterns and disease impacts across ancient societies.

Payments for ecosystem services in an African protected area: exploring issues of legitimacy, fairness, equity and effectiveness

Nyungwe National Park — 2012 — WHED0895B9829

A payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme around Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, demonstrates that its effectiveness hinges on equitable distribution, community acceptance of the paid service, institutional legitimacy, and fairness. The study reveals a complex interplay between these factors, with PES showing potential to balance conservation and development goals when complemented by traditional enforcement methods. Researchers evaluated the scheme's impact through three key criteria: effectiveness, legitimacy/fairness, and equity, using annual contracts with performance indicators for participating communities.

Perfil dos guias de (eco)turismo e de sua atuação no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande (RJ)

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2012 — WHEB792622B4E

Tourism guides in Ilha Grande, Brazil, face significant challenges in promoting sustainable practices despite recognizing environmental issues. A study of five guides from the Curupira Association revealed that while they are aware of problems like those caused by improper tourism, they struggle to integrate environmental education into their tours effectively. Most guides have over a decade of experience and have undergone some training, though not all are registered with EMBRATUR. The research highlights a critical gap in public sector support for implementing correct visitation practices, leaving guides to navigate these challenges largely on their own.

Performance of square-mesh codends in reducing discards and by-catch in the Shark Bay scallop fishery

Shark Bay, Western Australia — 2012 — WHEC1796AF40B

A study on Shark Bay, Western Australia, found that square-mesh codends significantly reduce discards and by-catch in the saucer-scallop trawl fishery compared to conventional diamond-mesh codends. Specifically, 55- and 60-mm square-mesh codends retained 22–33% fewer small scallops (<85 mm shell height) while maintaining commercial-sized scallop catch rates and achieving up to a 95% reduction in by-catch. The 60-mm square-mesh codend also reduced prawn catch to less than 2% of that in standard prawn nets, suggesting potential for broader adoption in the fishery. This approach could improve net efficiency and water flow, benefiting both sustainability and commercial catches.

Performances of Imposed Status: Captivity at Cahokia

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2012 — WHE7940F6864A

Recent archaeological and bioarchaeological research at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site reveals that captivity and slavery were practices among past societies, with their treatment varying significantly across cultures and even within the same society. Kathryn M. Koziol's study highlights how social and political relationships, influenced by cultural, historical, and ideological factors, shaped the rights and obligations of captives. The analysis of human remains from Cahokia underscores that violence was not merely an act of physical harm but also a component of cosmological and social performance, reflecting broader societal structures and dynamics.

Persepolis

Persepolis — 2012 — WHE346AC7DEB5

Persepolis: Discovery and Afterlife of a World Wonder reveals the untold history of archaeological exploration following its destruction in 330 BC, leveraging archival evidence, anecdotal accounts, and unpublished documents. This groundbreaking study reconstructs the evolution of Persepolis from its ancient grandeur to modern rediscovery, offering unprecedented insights into its excavation, visual documentation, and scholarly interpretation. Bridging gaps between archaeology, history, and art history, it serves as a comprehensive resource for scholars and students alike, enriching our understanding of this iconic site's legacy across ancient, medieval, and contemporary Iran.

Persian Gardens and Landscapes

The Persian Garden — 2012 — WHE520ED2F29E

Persian gardens represent a remarkable feat of ancient engineering and cultural ingenuity, showcasing how resourcefulness and advanced water management transformed arid landscapes into lush paradises. The study by Faghih and Sadeghy (2012) reveals the synergy between climate, resources, and place in shaping Persian garden typologies, with a particular focus on the central kiosk—a key architectural element within enclosed gardens. Through historical analysis, the research traces the evolution of these gardens, highlighting their adaptive strategies for water sourcing, irrigation, and environmental integration. This work underscores the enduring legacy of Persian gardens as both practical solutions to harsh conditions and symbols of cultural sophistication.

Peter Garlake (1934–2011), Great Zimbabwe and the politics of the past in Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe National Monument — 2012 — WHE24654F32C4

Peter Garlake's influential work on Great Zimbabwe highlighted the complex interplay between archaeology and national identity in Zimbabwe. His research underscored how the monument's interpretation has been shaped by political narratives, particularly during and after the country's independence. By analyzing historical accounts and archaeological evidence, Garlake revealed that Great Zimbabwe was not merely a prehistoric settlement but a symbol deeply intertwined with Zimbabwean nationalism. His approach combined thorough archival research with on-site investigations, challenging earlier colonial-era interpretations that marginalized its significance. This work remains pivotal in understanding the monument's cultural and political dimensions.

Petrographical and Geochemical Features Coupled with Geophysical Observations on the Nazca Lines

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2012 — WHE556887E38C

A key discovery in the study of the Nazca Lines reveals that sediments in the vicinity are highly cemented by salt, likely originating from sea-derived aerosols. This process is linked to geological features and geophysical anomalies, particularly high sulfur content at the surface of electrical resistivity anomalies, suggesting cemented porosity in coarser-grained sediments. The research combines petrographical and geochemical analyses with sediment provenance studies, confirming that the sediments correspond to surrounding Mesozoic rocks. This interdisciplinary approach provides new insights into the geological processes shaping this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Philosophy and Theology in the German Dominican scholae in the Late Middle Ages: The Cases of Ulrich of Strasbourg and Berthold of Wimpfen

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge — 2012 — WHE9986B41068

A significant portion of Scholastic philosophical and theological learning in the late Middle Ages occurred in the studia or study-houses of religious orders, rather than in universities. These studia outnumbered universities and were more widely distributed across Europe. Prominent figures like Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus spent more time teaching in these studia than as Regent Masters in universities. Consequently, much of the later medieval Scholastic literature was produced in this institutional context. Additionally, the Papal Court, notably the Sacred Palace at Avignon, and several royal courts were significant loci for Scholastic learning. This volume explores the study and teaching of philosophy and theology in the studia of various religious orders, as well as intellectual activity at the Papal Court in Rome and Avignon, and at different royal courts.

Phoenix Islands Protected Area Conservation Trust Act 2009 Explanatory Memorandum

Phoenix Islands Protected Area — 2012 — WHEBE1A59F89A

The Phoenix Islands Protected Area Conservation Trust Act 2009 establishes a legal framework to safeguard one of the world's largest and most remote marine protected areas, spanning over 400,000 square kilometers in the central Pacific. This act emphasizes the importance of integrating conservation with sustainable development, particularly for island communities dependent on marine resources. The explanatory memorandum outlines mechanisms for governance, including the creation of a trust to manage the area's ecological integrity while supporting local livelihoods. By combining traditional knowledge with modern conservation science, this approach sets a precedent for balancing biodiversity protection and human well-being in remote, vulnerable ecosystems.

Phylogeny of the Dorotheantheae (Aizoaceae), a tribe of succulent annuals

Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape — 2012 — WHE277E827780

A revised classification of the Dorotheantheae tribe, endemic to South Africa's winter-rainfall region, reveals that the genus Cleretum encompasses all species previously assigned to both Cleretum and Dorotheanthus. Molecular analysis of plastid and nuclear sequences demonstrated that Dorotheanthus is monophyletic, while Cleretum is diphyletic, with two lyrate-leaved species closely related to Aethephyllum. This study proposes a single genus, Cleretum, comprising 14 recognized species, including two newly described subspecies elevated to species rank and two undescribed species. The research also highlights distinct climatic and edaphic niches occupied by major clades, suggesting potential shifts in breeding systems from large to small flowers. Additionally, it compares the distribution patterns of succulent annuals in Dorotheantheae with those in Mesembryanthemum (Aizoaceae) and Crassula (Crassulaceae), noting that while non-succulent annuals prefer arid areas, Dorotheantheae and Crassula show higher diversity in wetter regions, decreasing towards the arid Richtersveld and southern Namib.

Phytoliths and Basketry Materials at Çatalhöyük (Turkey): Timelines of growth, harvest and objects life histories

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2012 — WHEC55715305B

A groundbreaking analysis of phytoliths and clay impressions from Çatalhöyük reveals definitive evidence of basketry production during the Neolithic period. The study demonstrates that basketry was a significant craft at this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering insights into the technological sophistication and material culture of its inhabitants. By integrating phytolith analysis with the examination of basketry fragments, researchers reconstructed timelines for plant growth, harvest, and the lifespan of basketry objects, providing a rare glimpse into ancient human resource management and artifact lifecycle.

Planning for the Future: Criteria, Measures and Indices, and Monitoring the Landscape

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2012 — WHEF6BA2E4F56

A critical framework for post-disturbance land management in Australia's Gondwana Rainforests of Australia has been proposed, aiming to restore or improve pre-disturbance conditions. This approach emphasizes stakeholder engagement through comprehensive rehabilitation strategies that align with environmental assessments, risk evaluations, and regional sustainability initiatives. The study highlights the need for balanced planning to mitigate conflicts between resource recovery (e.g., coal mining) and conservation, particularly in regions like the Upper Hunter, which overlap with World Heritage Areas. Key components include biodiversity-focused management plans, secure waste containment, and landscape compatibility, ensuring long-term ecological integrity while addressing community concerns.

Plant Community Composition and Structure of Chenab Valley in a Part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks — 2012 — WHE53018296EC

A comparative analysis of the Chenab Valley within the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve reveals higher plant community diversity and structural integrity than other parts of the reserve. The study identified eight forest communities, including Berberis shrub and bamboo associations, with tree density ranging from 203 to 545 trees per hectare and basal area from 17.5 to 71.7 m²/ha. Species richness and diversity were notably higher in the valley, particularly in undercanopy species like Rhododendron and Taxus, which facilitate regeneration of Chinnobambusa falcata. However, anthropogenic pressure has hindered the progression of seedlings and saplings to mature girth classes, despite a steady population of evergreen and deciduous species. The study highlights the Chenab Valley's ecological resilience but underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate human impacts on forest regeneration.

Plant Remains and AMS: Dating Climate Change in the Aeolian Islands (Northeastern Sicily) During the 2nd Millennium BC

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2012 — WHE847B2C2747

Aeolian Islands experienced fluctuating rainfall intensity during the 2nd millennium BC, with evidence pointing to significant short-term climate variability. This finding emerges from a study analyzing stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and radiocarbon dating (14C) of archaeological plant remains from three protohistoric sites in the archipelago. The research reveals that changes in rainfall patterns, inferred from isotopic signatures, align with shifts in regional vegetation cover, as corroborated by pollen data. By integrating these climate signals with the history of Aeolian communities, the study also assesses the resilience of early settlers to environmental stress. This approach combines paleoclimatological and archaeological methods to reconstruct past climatic conditions and their societal impacts.

Plateau vegetation on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island

Macquarie Island — 2012 — WHE9737BE4633

A 1980 line transect survey on Macquarie Island's plateau revealed that its open herb vegetation, shaped by strong westerly winds, comprised 62 species with occurrences ranging from 16.7% to 99.5%. The cushion plant Azorella macquariensis was a dominant component, appearing at 14 of 16 sites and reaching up to 50% coverage. This pre-dieback data provides a critical baseline for assessing future changes in the island's plateau vegetation, which has since experienced severe dieback of A. macquariensis.

Plenary lectures “Pisé”: Evolution, innovations, resistances and future directions

Archaeological Site of Carthage — 2012 — WHEBAD03D5719

Rammed earth construction, known as pisé, originated with the Phoenicians in Carthage (814 B.C.) and spread globally through Mediterranean and North African influences. This technique, combining local materials like stone and earth within a masonry framework, remained dominant until Carthage's Roman destruction. Its legacy persisted in ancient texts by Varro, Columella, and Palladius, later refined in European treatises (e.g., Cointeraux’s Cahiers d’école d’architecture rurale, 1790–91). However, the Industrial Revolution led to its decline, particularly in France, where labor shortages during WWI accelerated its obsolescence. A revival in the 1970s, driven by energy crises, spurred innovations like prefabricated pisé blocks and climbing formworks (Meunier, 1987; Rauch, 2001), aiming to reduce costs. Today, pisé faces economic challenges but gains traction for its thermal properties and sustainability. Hybridization with modern materials and poured earthen concrete is reshaping its future, potentially replacing traditional methods while preserving its ecological benefits.

Policromia e scienze della conservazione: il caso Bauhaus a Dessau

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2012 — WHE4B4CA60E6F

A groundbreaking approach to the conservative restoration of modern architecture, exemplified by the Bauhaus buildings at Dessau, has been developed. This method preserves the traces of time and historical losses, treating 20th-century monuments as documents that reflect their evolution. The study emphasizes the value of memories embedded in architecture, even when restoration involves modifications or new elements. By applying conservation sciences, particularly to the polychromes of interior views, the research demonstrates a nuanced balance between critical and conservative restoration, ensuring authenticity while acknowledging historical transformations.