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Ordovician proglacial sediments in Algeria: insights into the controls on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the In Amenas field, Illizi Basin

Tassili n'Ajjer — 2012 — WHE181EFB34DE

Ordovician proglacial sediments in the Tassili n'Ajjer region of Algeria serve as significant gas reservoirs in the In Amenas field, Illizi Basin. The study identifies that these deposits, characterized by poorly sorted argillaceous sandstones and high-density turbidity sandstones, were formed through catastrophic outflows from subglacial lakes, which incised subglacial tunnel networks and delivered sand to turbidite outwashes. The research developed depositional models using core data and analogous outcrops, revealing a lobate geometry for subsurface composite turbidites and indicating high-energy, stable outflows during ice retreat. This stability was likely due to grounding over the In Amenas granitic palaeohighs, which influenced the location of outwash fan apices and feeder channels. The study provides critical insights into the controls on hydrocarbon reservoirs in this region.

Organic materials in the wall paintings in Pompei: a case study of Insuladel Centenario

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2012 — WHE03B15B957A

Roman wall paintings at Pompeii's Insula del Centenario, preserved using the fresco technique, were found to lack lipidic and proteinaceous materials. This discovery challenges conventional assumptions about Roman painting practices. The study employed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze samples from different rooms, revealing that previous restoration works involved the use of wax, egg, and animal glue for protective purposes and color restoration. These findings provide new insights into both ancient Roman techniques and the impact of conservation efforts on historical artifacts.

Origin and in situ diversification in Hemidactylus geckos of the Socotra Archipelago

Socotra Archipelago — 2012 — WHEDCC570CBC2

Research reveals that the Hemidactylus geckos of Socotra Archipelago, a Gondwanan fragment and biodiversity hotspot, do not form a monophyletic group but instead branch into three independent clades. This suggests their origin involved an Early Miocene vicariance event followed by two Pliocene transoceanic dispersals. Genetic analysis of seven non-introduced species shows high intra-species divergence and complex within-island diversification patterns, indicating a mix of historical and ecological factors drove speciation. Notably, the case of H. forbesii and H. oxyrhinus on Abd al Kuri island may represent an extreme example of intra-island speciation in reptiles.

Ossification sequences and associated ontogenetic changes in the bone histology of pachypleurosaurids from Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland/Italy)

Monte San Giorgio — 2012 — WHEBC86DF4C55

Pachypleurosaurids from Monte San Giorgio exhibit a transition from 'terrestrial' to more 'aquatic' osteogenetic sequences, as evidenced by increasing heterochronic shifts with decreasing stratigraphic age. This study reveals that forelimb ossification precedes hind limb elements in all stages except initiation, while early phase compaction processes align with the hypothesized plesiomorphic eureptilian condition. The research analyzed bone histology and taphonomic patterns in four pachypleurosaurid species, comparing them to extant terrestrial lizards and secondarily aquatic reptiles to determine evolutionary trends in osteogenesis.

Osteology ofEoraptor lunensis(Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2012 — WHE53510113E0

A detailed osteological analysis of the basal sauropodomorph dinosaur Eoraptor lunensis, based on nearly complete skeletal remains from Argentina's Ischigualasto Formation, reveals distinctive anatomical features that differentiate it from contemporaneous theropods like Eodromaeus murphi. Key findings include a lightly built skull with enlarged external naris and unique antorbital fossa morphology, robust long bones in the hind limbs, and a twisted first phalanx of the pollex in the manus—a trait shared with other basal sauropodomorphs but absent in theropods. The study also highlights rudimentary palatal teeth on the pterygoid and vertically oriented marginal denticles, providing new insights into early dinosaur evolutionary diversification within the UNESCO-listed Ischigualasto/Talampaya Natural Parks.

Ouverture, La Grotte Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, 1994-2012 : une rétrospective anthropologique

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2012 — WHE78E6823DFD

The Grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc offers unprecedented insights into human behavior and artistic expression during the Upper Paleolithic period. Research conducted between 1994 and 2012 reveals that this decorated cave, dated to approximately 36,000 years ago, contains some of the oldest known figurative art in Europe, including intricate animal paintings and engravings. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining archaeology, anthropology, and geomorphology, to analyze the cave's stratigraphy, artifacts, and spatial organization. Key findings suggest that the Chauvet cave was not only a site for artistic expression but also a significant cultural and ritual center for early human communities. This retrospective anthropological analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the cave's significance in understanding the cognitive and social evolution of Paleolithic humans.

Overcoming hermit-crab interference during rodent-baiting operations: a case study from Henderson Island, South Pacific

Henderson Island — 2012 — WHEE9BE8CE01D

A successful rat eradication strategy for Henderson Island, South Pacific, is feasible despite high hermit-crab interference. Researchers determined that even with crab densities reaching 1370 crabs per hectare—where they consume up to 3.8 grams of bait daily—rats can still be effectively targeted using rhodamine-dyed cereal pellets. By adjusting bait application rates, the study achieved 100% bait consumption by rats across four plots, demonstrating that careful planning can mitigate crab interference. This insight provides a model for other eradication efforts facing similar challenges, though it also underscores the need to assess potential impacts on non-target species like hermit crabs. The findings were derived from distance sampling of crabs and mark-recapture studies of rats, combined with hand-applied bait trials.

Paharpur (Rājshāhi, Bangladesh)

Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur — 2012 — WHE3A491F6CA2

The ruins of the Buddhist monastery at Paharpur, Bangladesh, represent the largest such archaeological site discovered south of the Himalayas. Spanning over 27 acres, the central structure is so massive it is locally known as 'Paharpur,' meaning 'hill.' The complex, believed to have been originally named Somapura Vihara, stands as a monumental testament to Buddhist architecture and civilization in the region. This discovery underscores the significance of Paharpur as not only an architectural marvel but also a key cultural and historical landmark, offering insights into the religious and social dynamics of ancient South Asia.

Palaeoecological evidence of a historical collapse of corals at Pelorus Island, inshore Great Barrier Reef, following European settlement

Great Barrier Reef — 2012 — WHE7867B28464

A historical collapse of Acropora coral assemblages at Pelorus Island, inshore Great Barrier Reef (GBR), occurred between 1920 and 1955, predating modern monitoring efforts. This previously undocumented decline, revealed through palaeoecological reconstructions using high-precision U-series dating of dead Acropora fragments, suggests chronic sediment flux and nutrient loading from European settlement as the ultimate cause. The study indicates remarkable long-term stability in coral community structure prior to this event, with few post-1980 dates found. The findings imply that current reef monitoring may be based on a significantly shifted baseline, highlighting the need for historical context in assessing human impacts on inshore reefs.

Palaeogeographical reconstruction and management challenges of an archaeological site listed by UNESCO: the case of the Letoon shrine in the Xanthos Plain (Turkey)

Xanthos-Letoon — 2012 — WHE67A71F907B

A palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Xanthos Plain, Turkey, reveals that the Letoon shrine was surrounded by a dynamic landscape dominated by lagoons and marshes, shaped by the gradual closure of a marine bay due to coastal spit formation. Sedimentary analysis identified a branch or former channel of the Eşen Çayı river near the shrine, providing new insights into its historical geography. The study integrates geomorphological data with historical, archaeological, and literary sources, addressing long-standing questions about the region's landscape during the first millennium BC. This research underscores the importance of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in managing UNESCO World Heritage Sites, offering a framework to enhance their tourist potential while preserving archaeological integrity.

Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia)

Angkor — 2012 — WHE35A9B4CEC7

A sediment core from the West Baray, Angkor's largest reservoir, reveals that its water management system declined significantly during the late 14th and early 15th centuries, coinciding with regional monsoon failures. This period of diminished detrital input and linear sedimentation rates correlates with the collapse of the Angkorian kingdom. The study suggests that shifts in Khmer water management, land use practices, and climate change collectively influenced ecological and sedimentological changes over the last millennium. Researchers analyzed a 2-meter core to infer this 1,000-year paleoenvironmental record, providing insights into the interplay between human activity and environmental factors during Angkor's peak and decline.

Panmixia supports divergence with gene flow in Darwin’s small ground finch, Geospiza fuliginosa, on Santa Cruz, Galápagos Islands

Galápagos Islands — 2012 — WHE46C2700F9D

Research on Darwin's small ground finch, Geospiza fuliginosa, on Santa Cruz Island reveals that despite ecological and geographical differences between arid and humid zones, the species exhibits panmixia—a single genetically homogeneous population. This finding challenges expectations of strong adaptive divergence due to disruptive selection during low rainfall periods. Using microsatellite allele frequency data from 21 sites across four ecological zones, scientists rejected hypotheses of population substructure linked to ecological or geographical differences. The study suggests that high gene flow within the island supports selection over genetic drift as a driver for phenotypic divergence. These insights imply that classic adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, habitat choice, or combinations thereof may explain observed trait variation without requiring distinct populations.

Panorama di Pompei: storia dello spettacolo e mondo antico

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2012 — WHE0DB9D90154

A contextual and multilinear analysis of Pompeii's urban scenery reveals the deep roots of Western European culture, particularly through its buildings devoted to spectacles. The study highlights the Great Theatre, steeped in Hellenistic culture, and the theatrum tectum, likely a gathering place for Silla's settlers and a symbol of distinction. It also examines the amphitheatre as an example of private evergetism during the colonial era and the significant renovation of the Great Theatre by the Holconii under Augustus, reflecting imperial influence through visual imagery.

Parameters of the Strong Paleoearthquakes Along the Talas-Fergana Fault, the Kyrgyz Tien Shan

Western Tien-Shan — 2012 — WHED3DEB1397F

A significant study reveals the parameters of strong paleoearthquakes along the Talas-Fergana Fault (TFF) in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan, providing critical insights into seismic activity in Central Asia. The research identifies the TFF as a major strike-slip structure that separates the north-eastern and south-western parts of the Tien Shan, including the Fergana depression and surrounding mountain systems. By analyzing geological-tectonic data from the Cenozoic era, the study reconstructs the fault's evolution and its role in generating powerful earthquakes. This work enhances our understanding of seismic hazards in the region, offering valuable information for risk assessment and mitigation strategies.

Parametric Generator for Architectural and Urban 3D Objects

Historic Site of Lyon — 2012 — WHE60C091587A

A specialized parametric generator tool has been developed to model the global structure of architectural and urban objects, focusing on their morphological and semantic characteristics. This approach was successfully applied to the 'Vieux Lyon' district, known for its diverse morpho-stylistic features. The tool aims not to create a universal model but to provide a simple, efficient method for describing standard architectural objects that adhere to specific parametric definitions. Future enhancements will broaden its descriptive capabilities, accommodating even more varied morphological and stylistic patterns.

Parasitoids of the Sawfly,Arge pullata, in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Hubei Shennongjia — 2012 — WHEBBC7F59DE3

Research in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China, identified five parasitoid species targeting the argid sawfly Arge pullata, with an average parasitism rate of 11.0%. The dominant parasitoid, Vibrissina turrita (Diptera: Tachinidae), accounted for 10.0% of attacks on A. pullata cocoons, peaking in emergence from late May to early June. Additionally, three hyperparasitoids were found, with combined rates ranging from 1.0% to 3.0%. The study, conducted in 2009 and 2010, sheds light on the complex parasitoid-host dynamics within this UNESCO World Heritage Site's biodiversity.

Parks, Peace, and Partnership

Waterton Glacier International Peace Park — 2012 — WHE9E44C315C9

A global shift towards cross-boundary collaboration is emerging as the key to sustaining biodiversity and fostering peaceful relations between neighboring countries. This collection of essays highlights innovative approaches from international protected areas, including Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, demonstrating that managing ecosystems across political boundaries enhances ecological viability and community well-being. Contributions from park managers, biologists, scholars, and researchers illustrate both challenges and solutions, reflecting current international strategies for addressing shared environmental and socio-political issues.

Participation and Protected Areas Governance: the Impact of Changing Influence of Local Authorities on the Conservation of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Białowieża Forest — 2012 — WHE2DAB55AC26

A shift in governance influence from national to local authorities has significantly impacted the conservation of Białowieża Primeval Forest. The study reveals that increased local participation and decision-making have led to more nuanced and adaptive conservation strategies, balancing ecological preservation with socio-economic development. Researchers analyzed policy changes, stakeholder engagement, and governance structures over time, demonstrating how decentralized authority can enhance both biodiversity protection and community involvement in protected area management.

Participatory methodologies and indigenous communities – project-based learning: Sian Ka'an, Mexico

Sian Ka'an — 2012 — WHE67C8A47EC0

Sian Ka'an, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve since 1987, stands out for its exceptional biodiversity, unique geological features, and critical role in ecological connectivity. This study highlights the reserve's significance as the largest protected area in Mexico's Caribbean, encompassing diverse marine and terrestrial environments that support 52 species of reef fishes, over 300,000 hectares of aquatic habitats, and a vast array of bird species, including the second-largest community of aquatic birds in Mexico. Additionally, it serves as a key part of the Meso-American Biological Corridor, contributing to regional ecological connectivity. The research employs participatory methodologies and project-based learning involving indigenous communities, aiming to integrate local knowledge with conservation efforts. This approach underscores the importance of collaboration between scientific research and traditional practices in preserving Sian Ka'an's rich biodiversity.

Patrón de dieta de la población púnic de Can Marines (Ibiza) a través del análisis de isótopos estables (C y N) en colágeno óseo

Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture — 2012 — WHE63545D3C50

A diet primarily based on terrestrial resources, with no isotopic evidence of aquatic protein consumption, characterized the Punic population from Can Marines (Ibiza) during the 5th–4th centuries BCE. The study, utilizing stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen, also suggests the presence of C4 resources in their diet—a rare insight for this period in the Mediterranean. This research contributes novel isotopic data from a rural Punic site, offering a unique perspective on dietary patterns in the Western Mediterranean during this era.