Publications
A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data
Researchers have identified a new species of stonefly, Rhopalopsole shennongjia, from the Shennongjia Forestry District in Hubei Province, China. This discovery was achieved by integrating morphological and molecular data, including genetic distance analysis using the COI gene to confirm species boundaries. The study also provides a comprehensive summary of the Leuctridae family in Hubei, including color plates for Rhopalopsole shaanxiensis, a previously unrecorded species in the region. Additionally, it offers an identification key for Rhopalopsole species found in Hubei, contributing significantly to the taxonomic understanding of this area's biodiversity.
Fine-Scale Variations and Driving Factors of GPP Derived from Multi-Source Data Fusion in the Mountainous Region of Northwestern Hubei
A 20-year analysis of gross primary productivity (GPP) in northwestern Hubei, China, reveals significant fine-scale variations linked to elevation and climate. GPP increases with altitude, showing a pronounced upward trend in mountainous regions like Shennongjia, while low-elevation areas exhibit a decline. The study, leveraging multi-source remote sensing data fused at 30 m resolution, highlights that seasonal climate factors—particularly temperature and precipitation—strongly influence GPP, with their impacts varying by elevation and month. Temperature effects remain stable across altitudes, whereas precipitation correlations weaken with increasing elevation, reflecting diverse climatic responses. This research underscores the critical role of high-resolution spatiotemporal data in understanding carbon fixation dynamics in complex mountainous landscapes.
High yeast diversity in primeval forest of Shennongjia, including 21 new species characterized by morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses
A groundbreaking study reveals Shennongjia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in China's Hubei Province, as a hotspot for yeast diversity. Researchers identified 161 yeast species from 4,451 isolates, including 21 newly discovered species and 43 new taxonomic combinations. This discovery significantly expands the global record of yeast biodiversity, highlighting Shennongjia's unique ecological significance. The study employed enrichment cultures at varying temperatures to isolate primarily ascomycetous yeasts, followed by morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses. These findings underscore the region's rich microbial diversity and its importance for further conservation efforts.
Spatial and Temporal Differentiation of Carbon Emission Efficiency and the Impact of Green Technology Innovation in Hubei Province
Hubei Province's carbon emission efficiency has shown significant spatial and temporal differentiation, with a rapid increase after initial fluctuations. The study found that green technological innovation positively correlates with improved carbon emission efficiency, while economic expansion and population density also show positive relationships, whereas industrial structure and government environmental regulations negatively impact efficiency. Notably, the Wuhan metropolitan area and the Xiang-yang-Shiyan-Suizhou-Shennongjia urban region exhibit distinct differences, while the Yichang-Jingzhou-Jing-Enshi urban agglomeration shows a narrowing trend in differentiation. The research also highlights a temporal lag between green technological innovation and its impact on carbon emission efficiency, with capital investment and technical achievements currently enhancing efficiency, while human capital has a positive effect during a second lag period.
Spatiotemporal distribution and detection of spatial clusters of tuberculosis in Hubei Province, China using FleXScan (2017–2023)
A study analyzing tuberculosis (TB) distribution in Hubei Province, China, from 2017 to 2023, reveals significant spatiotemporal clustering of cases. Using the FleXScan method and GIS spatial analysis, researchers identified persistent high-risk clusters primarily in western and southwestern regions, including Enshi Prefecture and Shennongjia Forestry District. These areas maintained an average annual incidence of over 110 per 100,000 population with no significant decline, contrasting with the province's overall reduction from 68.28 to 54.54 per 100,000. The findings underscore the need for targeted TB prevention strategies that account for regional economic, geographical, and healthcare disparities.
Four New Species of Batrisini from Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei, China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Four new species of ant-loving beetles (Batrisini) have been discovered in the Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei, China, marking the first records of this tribe in the region. The newly described species—Arthromelodes splendidus, Batriscenaulax? shennongjia, Batrisiella crassa, and Batrisiella promunturium—are characterized by distinctive morphological traits, which are illustrated in the study. An identification key is also provided to aid in their recognition. This discovery expands the known biodiversity of Shennongjia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its rich ecological diversity.
One new species of Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 from Shennongjia, Central China (Araneae, Sparassidae)
Researchers have identified and described a new species of spider, Pseudopoda guanmenshan, from the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province, China. This discovery adds to the rich biodiversity of the region and contributes to the understanding of the genus Pseudopoda, which is currently the largest in the family Sparassidae. The study involved a spider survey conducted in October 2023, followed by morphological comparison and detailed description of the new species. The paper provides photographs and a distribution map, offering valuable insights into the taxonomy and distribution of spiders in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Primula weiliei (Primulaceae), a new species from Hubei, Central China
Researchers have identified and described Primula weiliei, a new species of Primula from the Shennongjia Forestry District in Hubei Province, Central China. This discovery belongs to the section Aleuritia and is characterized by its dwarf, hairless habit, long petiole, fruits longer than calyx, and farina-covered scape. While it shares similarities with P. gemmifera and P. munroi subsp. yargongensis, Primula weiliei distinguishes itself through smaller calyxes, homostylous flowers, a corolla tube throat lacking annular appendage, and inflorescences with only 1–2 flowers. Based on IUCN Red List criteria, the species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR), highlighting its urgent conservation status.
The genus Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Shennongjia National Park of Hubei, China
Researchers have identified two new species of the stonefly genus Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) in Shennongjia National Park, Hubei Province, China. The newly described species, N. liuqifeii and N. shennongjia, contribute to the understanding of biodiversity within this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study also examines the relationships between these new species and similar ones in the genus. Additionally, three female specimens of an undetermined Nemoura were documented but could not be linked to existing or newly described species. This research highlights the importance of Shennongjia's unique ecosystems and expands our knowledge of stonefly diversity in the region.
Epidemiological Survey and Risk Factor Analysis of 14 Potential Pathogens in Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys at Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China
A seroprevalence survey of 14 potential pathogens in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) at Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China, revealed significant infection rates for Macacine herpesvirus-1 (57.7%), Golden snub-nosed monkey cytomegalovirus (38.5%), Simian foamy virus (26.9%), and Hepatitis A virus (7.7%). No evidence was found for other pathogens like Coxsackievirus, Measles virus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Notably, MaHV-1 infection was strongly associated with older monkeys (≥4 years). The study analyzed 283 fecal samples and 26 blood samples using serological assays, PCR, and IFN-γ release assays, providing critical insights for the conservation of this endangered primate species.
Temporal and spatial evolution of agricultural carbon emissions and their impact on functional zoning: evidence from Hubei Province
Agricultural carbon emissions and absorption in Hubei Province exhibit distinct spatial patterns, with Xiangyang, Jingzhou, and Huanggang as high-emission centers, while Shennongjia, Enshi, and Yichang show lower emissions. Carbon sinks are concentrated in arable lands, particularly in Yichang, Jingmen, and Huanggang, forming a U-shaped distribution. The study identifies seven carbon-positive, five neutral, and five negative areas, proposing tailored strategies for low-carbon development across functional zones to balance emissions and absorption. This research combines spatial analysis with functional zoning to guide coordinated ecological governance.
Evaluation and prediction of high-quality development in China: A time-spatial analysis from Hubei province
Significant disparities exist in high-quality development (HQD) across regions in Hubei Province, with Wuhan City's average comprehensive index being 7 times higher than Xiangyang and 46 times higher than Shennongjia district. The study, which analyzed data from 2010 to 2020 using the comprehensive entropy method and BP neural network, found that economic growth, innovation, and opening-up have the highest impact on HQD, while coordination and sharing lagged. It also predicted a temporary decline in Hubei's development index due to COVID-19, followed by a gradual recovery starting from 2022. The research underscores the need for tailored sustainable environmental policies that integrate institutional and market measures.
Novel procedures to determine where to use ecological restoration to improve and connect habitat for Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia, China
Researchers have identified five priority areas for ecological restoration to improve habitat connectivity and protect the endangered Rhinopithecus roxellana (golden snub-nosed monkey) in Shennongjia, China. The study combines MaxEnt modeling, change detection, and graph theory to pinpoint degraded or damaged vegetation patches that could be restored to enhance habitat suitability and genetic diversity. By comparing past and current habitat conditions, the team mapped recoverable areas with high conservation value, offering a targeted approach to mitigate fragmentation. This method provides a practical framework for restoring fragmented landscapes, which is increasingly threatened by degradation worldwide.
Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov., a new species of Perlodinella Klapálek (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) from the central area of China
Researchers have identified and described Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov., a new species of stonefly (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) from the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in Hubei Shennongjia, central China. This discovery contributes to the understudied biodiversity of the Perlodinella genus in the Palearctic region. The new species is distinguished by unique morphological traits in male and female genitalia, as well as egg structure, setting it apart from its congeners. The study provides detailed illustrations and descriptions based on adult specimens and eggs, offering valuable insights into the taxonomic diversity of stoneflies in this ecologically significant area.
Revealing the Coupling Relationship between the Gross Ecosystem Product and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Hubei Province
A concerning trend of increasing decoupling between ecosystem services and economic growth has been identified in Hubei Province, China, particularly within UNESCO World Heritage Site Shennongjia. Analysis from 2010–2019 reveals a shift from weak to strong decoupling, indicating worsening environmental pressures despite economic development. Spatial analysis highlights significant local autocorrelation in northwest and southwest regions, with high correlation areas at risk of ecological degradation. The study recommends targeted strategies for cities—those with weak decoupling should focus on reducing pollutant emissions and leveraging innovation, while strongly decoupled cities must also expand ecological land. High-performing urban clusters like Wuhan show sustainable development potential, but others face ecosystem loss risks.
Age‐Based Variations in the Gut Microbiome of the Shennongjia (Hubei) Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)
A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome in Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis) reveals significant age-based variations, with older individuals exhibiting greater microbial diversity. The study identified 28 microbial phyla across three age groups, highlighting a dynamic shift in gut microbiota composition from early developmental stages to adulthood. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region, researchers found that Group 3 (above 12 years) contained the highest number and diversity of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), suggesting an increasing complexity with age. This is the first study to provide detailed insights into the gut microbiota of this endangered primate, offering valuable data for health monitoring and conservation efforts.
Analysis of the Effect of Cooperatives on Increasing Farmers’ Income from the Perspective of Industry Prosperity Based on the PSM Empirical Study in Shennongjia Region
Participation in agricultural cooperatives significantly boosts farmers' net income, according to a study conducted in Dajiuhu Town, Shennongjia, Hubei Province. Using the propensity score-matching (PSM) model and field survey data, researchers found that cooperative involvement enhances income levels while also being influenced by farmers' education level, household factors, production characteristics, and external environmental conditions. The study underscores the potential of cooperatives as a driver for rural industry prosperity and sustainable development, aligning with China's Rural Revitalization Strategy. Recommendations include promoting farmer participation, improving education, upgrading rural infrastructure, and fostering self-development to maximize cooperative benefits.
Do Situations Influence the Environmentally Responsible Behaviors of National Park Visitors? Survey from Shennongjia National Park, Hubei Province, China
Situations significantly enhance the environmentally responsible behaviors (ERB) of national park visitors, particularly when combined with environmental knowledge. A study at Shennongjia National Park, Hubei Province, China, found that situational factors—such as exposure to educational materials, interpretation, and staff guidance—moderate the relationship between visitor knowledge and ERB. This suggests targeted interventions, like interpretive programs or staff training, could effectively promote sustainable practices among visitors. The research builds on situational cognition theory, offering actionable insights for balancing ecological protection with visitor education in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Trichosanthes sunhangii (Cucurbitaceae), a new species from Hubei, China
Scientists have identified Trichosanthes sunhangii, a new species of Cucurbitaceae, discovered in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Hubei Shennongjia Forestry District, China. This species exhibits unique morphological traits distinguishing it from related T. kirilowii and T. rosthornii, particularly in its bracts, tendrils, and fruits. Phylogenetic analysis using three DNA barcode markers (ITS, matK, and rpl20-rps12) confirmed its placement within Sect. Foliobracteola with high support (PP=1.00, BP=100, LP=100). The discovery expands the taxonomic knowledge of Cucurbitaceae in this biodiverse region.
Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) to Lower Silurian (Telychian, Llandovery) graptolite biostratigraphy of the Tielugou section, Shennongjia anticline, Hubei Province, China
A new biostratigraphic study of the Tielugou section in Hubei Shennongjia, China, reveals critical insights into the transition from the Ordovician to Silurian periods. The research identifies the first record of a late Aeronian fauna (Stimulograptus halli Biozone) in South China, suggesting a possible gap at its base and indicating earlier origins for several key taxa. Additionally, the youngest graptolitic levels are assigned to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone, though the index species is absent. This study provides the first detailed documentation of graptolite faunas and thickness in the region, contributing significantly to understanding the stratigraphic framework of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Geographic Authentication of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment
Researchers developed a highly accurate method to authenticate the geographical origins of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL) using multivariate analysis, achieving over 93% validation accuracy. The study employed random forest models with high-level data fusion, combining Fourier transform near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral data. Notably, samples from Shennongjia Forest District in Hubei Province (>1200 m elevation) formed distinct clusters, differing significantly from those of lower-elevation regions like Xiangyang City (78 m). The Xinjiang Autonomous Region emerged as a unique cluster despite its high-latitude temperate zone location. These findings offer valuable insights into how environmental factors influence EUL composition and provide a robust framework for geographical authentication in future studies.
Geum sunhangii (Rosaceae), a new species from Hubei Province, China
Scientists have identified Geum sunhangii, a new species of Rosaceae, from the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province, China. This discovery is significant due to its unique morphological traits, including jointed styles curved at obtuse or right angles, imbricate petals, and a reniform radical leaf terminal leaflet—distinctive features not found in other known Chinese Geum species. Phylogenetic analysis using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and chloroplast trnL–trnF intergenic spacer sequences confirmed its placement within the genus Geum, revealing close genetic relationships with G. rivale and G. aleppicum. The study highlights the biodiversity of Shennongjia and contributes to the taxonomic understanding of this plant group.
Primula sunhangii (Primulaceae): a new species from Hubei, Central China
A new species of primrose, Primula sunhangii, has been identified from the Shennongjia Forestry District in Hubei Province, Central China. This discovery was supported by both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, which revealed its close relationship with Primula involucrata Wall. ex Duby while distinguishing it through unique traits such as glabrous sepals, short petiole, cylindrical calyx, and capsule. The study utilized genetic data from nuclear and cpDNA genes to validate the species' distinctiveness, providing a significant contribution to the understanding of primrose diversity in the region.
The catalogue of animal type specimens in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China
A comprehensive catalogue of animal type specimens from Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China, has been compiled, encompassing 915 species across 3 phyla, 8 classes, 31 orders, and 187 families. This dataset, built upon existing records, includes verified and refined information on vertebrates (7 species) and invertebrates (908 species), along with 14 invalidated type specimens. Each entry details taxonomic validity, classification, specimen quantities (holotypes, allotypes, paratypes), collection locations, dates, original deposition sites, Shennongjia exclusivity, references, and notes. This resource significantly advances taxonomic research and provides critical data for biodiversity conservation in Hubei Province and southwestern mountainous forest ecosystems.
Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in habitat of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve
A study on the Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve identified that the forest community dominated by Abies fargesii (Sichuan fir) and Betula utilis (Himalayan birch), along with Acer megalodum (giant maple) and Rosa caudata (trailing rose), provides the optimal habitat for the Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey. This conclusion was derived from a numerical classification and ordination analysis of 58 forest plots, which revealed that altitude gradient is the most influential environmental factor shaping forest community distribution in this region. The research also highlighted that species richness varies across vegetation types, with shrubs generally exhibiting higher diversity than trees or herbs in coniferous forests and mixed forests. Additionally, lichens, a crucial winter food source for the monkey, were found exclusively in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous broadleaf forests. These findings offer critical insights for the conservation planning of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkeys, emphasizing the importance of preserving high-altitude, well-developed forest communities.
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