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Publications

Showing 28701 – 28720 of 30315 publications

Hearth and Household Economy in an Andean Village

Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu — 2011 — WHEAD895CAF2B

In the rural village within Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary, fuel collection and hearth activity are pivotal cultural practices that sustain household production and reproduction. The study reveals that the physical hearth is spatially fluid, serving as a material and symbolic center throughout the household's life cycle. All members, from children to the elderly, participate in fuel collection, redefining household composition. Wood collection connects houses to uncultivated landscapes, fostering reciprocal labor networks and community festivals. Gendered and intergenerational divisions of labor result in four distinct types of collection trips involving different plant species, wood sizes, and source ecosystems. However, increased tourism at Machu Picchu is altering daily and seasonal labor patterns, with men and women engaging in tourism work and children being educated in town. These changes are leading to a more mobile hearth as houses improve, significantly impacting traditional labor dynamics.

Heavy metal concentrations in soils from a remote oceanic island, Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2011 — WHE171F2D5C51

Soil heavy metal concentrations on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, are primarily influenced by the geochemical composition of parent volcanic rocks, with pedogenesis driving the accumulation of zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in upper soil horizons. Mercury (Hg) appears to originate from long-range atmospheric transport, facilitated by organic matter complexation. The study analyzed 43 soil samples from five profiles, revealing that clay minerals do not significantly bind heavy metals. This research highlights the interplay between geological and pedogenic factors in shaping metal distributions on remote oceanic islands.

Helium isotopes in gases of Mineral Waters in the western Caucasus

Western Caucasus — 2011 — WHE35F3DC0502

Research on helium isotopes in the Western Caucasus reveals significant variations in mantle-derived components, with ³He/⁴He ratios ranging from (46–114) × 10⁻⁸ to (70–134) × 10⁻⁸, indicating a notable presence of mantle helium. These values are substantially higher than those in mud volcanoes on the Taman Peninsula and suggest regional differences in magmatic activity along the orogen strike. The study analyzed gases from mineral springs, stratal waters, and mud volcanoes, providing insights into the distribution of mantle derivatives and the age of intrusive magmatic activity in this region.

Heritage Building Conservation in Malaysia: Experience and Challenges

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2011 — WHE56609493F2

Malaysia's heritage building conservation efforts have gained momentum since the establishment of the National Heritage Department in 2006 and the UNESCO World Heritage Site listing of Melaka and George Town in 2008. The study highlights that successful conservation requires collaboration among government authorities, private sector stakeholders, building owners, and technical experts to ensure compliance with the National Heritage Act 2005. This collaborative approach is crucial for promoting heritage tourism and preserving Malaysia's cultural legacy.

Heritage Tourism and Inherited Institutional Structures: The Case of Falun Great Copper Mountain

Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun — 2011 — WHEE9BB22FDF9

A strong institutional preference for educational and historical preservation of the 17th-century mining landscape at Falun's Great Copper Mountain World Heritage Site shapes contemporary tourism management, often overshadowing broader visions for heritage tourism development. This study reveals that while stakeholders share a goal to promote tourism, there is little consensus on defining the tourist product or interpreting the site's role in tourism activities. Skepticism exists regarding entertainment-focused attractions without educational value, reinforcing the prioritization of historical accuracy and mining heritage. The research combines interviews with stakeholders, official documents, and marketing materials to analyze path dependency and institutional structures, illustrating how inherited social and economic frameworks influence local development strategies.

Heritage, Memory & Identity

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2011 — WHEFEBEC71F08

Heritage, Memory & Identity explores the complex interplay between heritage preservation and its impact on memory and identity, using the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Preah Vihear Temple as a case study. The publication examines how narratives shape commemoration, the political economies of heritage, and grassroots memorialization, revealing that heritage is not merely a static artifact but a dynamic force in shaping collective identities and historical consciousness. It employs interdisciplinary approaches, including cultural studies, anthropology, and political science, to analyze regional and global perspectives on heritage, memory, and identity. The study highlights the contested nature of heritage sites, such as Preah Vihear, where multiple narratives clash, reflecting broader societal tensions and power dynamics.

Heteronchoineans (Monogenoidea) from the Gills of Crevalle Jack, Caranx hippos (Perciformes, Carangidae), from Everglades National Park, Florida, with a Redescription of Protomicrocotyle mirabilis (Gastrocotylinea, Protomicrocotylidae)

Everglades National Park — 2011 — WHE1CA1732392

A study of crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) from Everglades National Park identified three species of parasitic flatworms (Heteronchoinea) on their gills, with infection intensity varying significantly by host size. Protomicrocotyle mirabilis was redescribed, while Allopyragraphorus hippos and Cemocotyle noveboracensis were distinguished from related species. Larger fish (312–395 mm) showed heavier infections (mean 63.8 parasites/host), suggesting age or size-related susceptibility. The research clarifies taxonomic distinctions among these parasites, contributing to understanding their ecology in marine ecosystems.

High Throughput, Multiplexed Pathogen Detection Authenticates Plague Waves in Medieval Venice, Italy

Venice and its Lagoon — 2011 — WHE93AB96B870

A groundbreaking analysis of dental pulp samples from medieval Venice reveals successive plague waves in the city, where quarantine was first instituted. Using high-throughput, multiplexed real-time PCR, researchers detected DNA from Yersinia pestis, the bacterium responsible for plague, in three samples—two dating to the 14th century and one from the 16th century. Genetic sequencing confirmed these strains belonged to the Orientalis biotype, a highly transmissible form. Additionally, Bartonella quintana, linked to trench fever, was identified in five samples, including those from the 15th and 16th centuries. This study provides the first molecular evidence of repeated plague epidemics in Venice, offering new insights into the historical impact of these diseases on a pivotal European city.

High-Resolution Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Ordovician-Silurian Boundary on Anticosti Island, Quebec: Regional and Global Implications

Anticosti — 2011 — WHEC0DD2D62EA

A high-resolution carbon isotope analysis of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary on Anticosti Island, Quebec, reveals a distinct isotopic pattern that challenges current models of the global carbon cycle during the Late Ordovician. The study, which examined over 400 micritic limestone samples from six sections of the Ellis Bay Formation, identified two significant positive carbon isotope excursions (∼2‰ and ∼4‰) that align with global graptolite-rich Hirnantian successions. This pattern contradicts existing predictions, suggesting a more complex evolution of the carbon cycle than previously understood. The research integrates isotopic data with sequence stratigraphy and biostratigraphy to provide new insights into this critical period of Earth history.

High-resolution mapping of river-hydrothermal water mixing: Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2011 — WHE27DEAAACA1

High-resolution mapping reveals that thermal discharges from hydrothermal sources in Yellowstone National Park's rivers are not uniformly mixed with the bulk flow, even after traveling multiple stream widths. This results in significant temperature gradients exceeding 30°C between the thermal plume and surrounding river water. The study utilized airborne (4-meter resolution) and ground-based (centimeter-scale resolution) imaging to document these mixing zones, demonstrating pronounced spatial and temporal variations within plumes. These findings highlight the potential of portable high-resolution sensors for advancing the understanding of non-isothermal mixing processes and thermally-mediated ecological and biogeochemical functions in aquatic systems.

High-resolution record of the Matuyama–Brunhes transition constrains the age of Javanese Homo erectus in the Sangiran dome, Indonesia

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2011 — WHE8D637A0D70

A high-resolution paleomagnetic study at the Sangiran Early Man Site, Indonesia, has precisely dated the Matuyama–Brunhes (MB) transition, providing a crucial age constraint for Homo erectus fossils. The research identified a 7-meter-thick section marking the transition, characterized by three short reversal episodes and overlaid by a normal polarity magnetozone, which was fission-track dated to the Brunhes chron. This pattern matches records from Osaka Bay marine cores, confirming the MB boundary's age at approximately 776 ± 2 thousand years ago (ka). The study further correlated tuff layers in the Bapang Formation, revealing that the last occurrence of Homo erectus fossils and a tektite level coincide just below the Upper Middle Tuff, underlying the MB transition. This stratigraphic relationship aligns with deep-sea core data, indicating the meteorite impact preceded the MB reversal by about 12 ka. The findings establish the MB boundary as the uppermost horizon yielding Homo erectus fossils in Sangiran, refining our understanding of human evolution in Java.

Highway construction and protection of sichuan giant panda sanctuaries

Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains — 2011 — WHEB479A48AA3

A planned highway threatens the authenticity and integrity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, by passing through its buffer or core zones. The study highlights significant environmental stress and ecological impacts during construction and operation phases. To mitigate these effects, the research proposes specialized management measures aimed at reducing adverse consequences on this critical habitat for giant pandas.

Historical GIS as a Platform for Public Memory at Mammoth Cave National Park

Mammoth Cave National Park — 2011 — WHE5B8509C6B0

A historical GIS platform for Mammoth Cave National Park reveals the landscape's transition from a farming community to a protected national park, preserving public memory of its pre-park inhabitants. The Mammoth Cave Historical GIS (MCHGIS) overlays 1920 census data at the household level with streaming topographic maps and georeferences Civilian Conservation Corps photographs, enabling visualization and analysis of population dynamics on the eve of park establishment. This web-based interface broadens access to archival holdings while integrating public participation GIS techniques to create a virtual site of public memory, supplementing institutional history with privately donated materials.

Histories of the Before

Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia — 2011 — WHE417D515494

Indigenous societies on Kosrae and Pohnpei shared deep historical connections, as evidenced by similarities between their ceremonial sites (Lelu and Nan Madol) and oral histories. These interactions reveal cultural transformations that preceded European contact, shaping the broader Micronesian region without external dominance. The study compares archaeological evidence and oral traditions to trace these pre-colonial exchanges, highlighting how indigenous encounters drove long-term cultural evolution in Pacific island societies.

History for Timbuktu: Aḥmad Bul‘arāf, Archives, and the Place of the Past

Timbuktu — 2011 — WHE17ECB871A5

Aḥmad Bul‘arāf, a renowned scholar and custodian of Timbuktu’s manuscript heritage, is remembered as a pivotal figure in preserving the city’s intellectual legacy. His life’s work, celebrated through panegyric verses and contemporary accounts, underscores his role as a reviver of Islamic culture and a dedicated conservator of written knowledge. Despite the transient nature of graves in Timbuktu’s sandy environment, Bul‘arāf’s impact endures through his contributions to manuscript conservation, calligraphy, and the circulation of ideas. A 1986 essay, crafted in traditional Sudani script, further immortalizes his legacy, reflecting a deep reverence for the written word during an era marked by technological shifts.

Hot spring siliceous stromatolites from Yellowstone National Park: assessing growth rate and laminae formation

Yellowstone National Park — 2011 — WHE02303FE2FD

Siliceous stromatolites from Yellowstone National Park's Obsidian Pool Prime (OPP) reveal that finely laminated microbial structures, typically preserved in ancient carbonate forms, can also be lithified rapidly in silica-rich environments. Growth rates of 1-5 cm per year are punctuated, with cyanobacterial communities utilizing CO₂ from both vent water and the atmosphere. The study found that drape lamination, characterized by stronger silica cementation, likely formed during lower spring levels, suggesting environmental forcing influences lamination style. Early lithification, driven by temperature-controlled silica solubility, is critical for preserving finely laminated microbial mats, offering insights into the morphogenesis of ancient stromatolites.

Hot‐spring Systems Geobiology: abiotic and biotic influences on travertine formation at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Yellowstone National Park — 2011 — WHE80152CB222

Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park serves as a natural laboratory to study the complex interplay of abiotic and biotic factors in travertine formation. Research reveals that microbial communities directly influence travertine growth rate and crystalline structure, while hydrology, heat dispersion, and geochemistry shape terrace geomorphology at larger scales. Time-lapse field photography and numerical modeling provide insights into how these processes interact over space and time. This study establishes a conceptual framework for understanding the combined effects of geological and biological factors on calcium carbonate precipitation, offering new perspectives on ancient microbial life records.

Hotel companies, poverty and sustainable tourism in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Okavango Delta — 2011 — WHE008B298332

Multinational hotel companies significantly contribute to the lucrative wildlife-based tourism industry in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. While these establishments generate substantial revenue through game drives, safaris, boating, and accommodation services, they also have mixed socio-economic impacts. Positive outcomes include job creation, income generation, and infrastructure development, primarily driven by multinational and South African hotel companies. However, negative effects such as revenue leakage, limited job opportunities for local citizens, and failure to alleviate rural poverty are notable. The study suggests that sustainable tourism approaches, particularly those involving citizen participation, could mitigate these negative impacts and enhance the overall benefits of the industry.

How an Art Theft’s Publicity and Documentation Can Impact the Stolen Object’s Recovery Rate

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville — 2011 — WHE314196E31E

Historical documentation and publicity significantly increase the likelihood of recovering stolen artworks, even without modern international databases. This study quantifies how a painting's historical importance, extensive media coverage during theft, and public interest can lead to swift recovery, as demonstrated by the 1874 theft of Bartolomé Esteban Murillo’s altarpiece from Seville Cathedral. Analysis of data from the Art Loss Register (ALR) database (2000–2009) reveals that thorough documentation mimics the effectiveness of contemporary stolen art registries. The case study underscores how pre-modern records, though not internationally accessible, served as a catalyst for recovery due to widespread attention and scholarly interest.

Human and climate impact on15N natural abundance of plants and soils in high-mountain ecosystems: a short review and two examples from the Eastern Pamirs and Mt. Kilimanjaro

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2011 — WHE63E5A0514F

High-mountain ecosystems, vital for millions yet threatened by population pressure and climate change, show distinct nitrogen cycle disruptions linked to human activity and environmental shifts. Research reveals that intensively grazed pastures in the Eastern Pamirs exhibit a 3.5‰ enrichment in ^15N compared to less-exploited areas, indicating soil degradation, volatile nitrogen losses, and leaching. Similarly, degraded savanna soils on Mt. Kilimanjaro's foothills display highly positive δ^15N values (~6.5‰), while undisturbed montane forests show depleted ^15N, suggesting a closed nitrogen cycle. However, the upper montane forest zone near the subalpine transition exhibits elevated δ^15N, likely due to climate-induced fires pushing the rainforest boundary downward. The study demonstrates that ^15N natural abundance serves as an effective indicator for detecting land-use or climate change-driven soil degradation and nitrogen cycle alterations in high-mountain environments.