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Riqueza, uso y origen de plantas medicinales expendidas en los mercados de la ciudad del Cusco

City of Cuzco — 2011 — WHE7C356991FC

A study of medicinal plants sold in nine markets—five major and four smaller zonal ones—in the city of Cusco, Peru, revealed a rich diversity of 152 species across 45 families. The most abundant were Asteraceae (36 species) and Lamiaceae (12), with Muehlenbeckia volcanica ('Mullaca'), Perezia virens ('Valeriana'), Matricaria recutita ('Manzanilla'), and Hypochaeris taraxacoides ('Pilli pilli') being the most frequently traded. The findings indicate that 75% of these plants are herbaceous, with 81% using the entire plant part, primarily prepared as infusions or 'mates calientes.' The study also identified that 83% of the species are native, predominantly from the Andean region surrounding Cusco, highlighting a strong connection to ancient Quechua knowledge. This research underscores the significant role of traditional medicinal practices in contemporary markets, mirroring patterns observed in other Andean regions like Bolivia and Ecuador.

Risk Assessment of Disease of Niches’ Eaves in the Dazu Rock Carvings based on GIS

Dazu Rock Carvings — 2011 — WHEEB1CC146B1

A quantitative risk assessment of disease affecting the eaves of niches in the Dazu Rock Carvings reveals critical vulnerabilities that threaten their preservation. By integrating geographic information system (GIS) technology with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), researchers identified key factors contributing to disease risk and assigned them weights. Spatial analysis and an integrated assessment model then mapped these risks, enabling targeted conservation strategies. This approach offers a data-driven method for prioritizing interventions in heritage site management, balancing scientific rigor with practical application.

Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana

Tsodilo — 2011 — WHEA73CC6A47D

A recent study at Rhino Cave, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tsodilo Hills in Botswana, reveals compelling evidence of ritualized behavior during the Middle Stone Age (MSA). The research uncovered a unique assemblage of MSA artifacts, including intricately crafted points made from non-local raw materials, which were deliberately burned or smashed and never left the cave. These artifacts, found alongside grinding slabs and specularite pigment, suggest a specialized behavioral pattern distinct from typical subsistence activities. The discovery also includes a section of a carved rock face with numerous cupules, further indicating ritualistic practices. This study employed a chaîneopératoire analysis to interpret the behavioral patterns, providing new insights into the cognitive and social complexities of MSA societies in southern Africa.

Role of Zooplankton Diversity in Vibrio cholerae Population Dynamics and in the Incidence of Cholera in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

The Sundarbans — 2011 — WHE8765B02B0B

Research in the Bangladesh Sundarbans reveals that rotifers and cladocerans, alongside copepods, are consistently associated with the presence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae strains and the incidence of cholera. This finding highlights the role of zooplankton diversity in influencing V. cholerae population dynamics and disease outbreaks. The study analyzed chitinous zooplankton communities across different water bodies to understand their interaction with V. cholerae and cholera cases, uncovering subtle ecological factors that modulate these relationships.

Rooted Cosmopolitanism: Spaces of Multiplicity in Cusco, Peru

City of Cuzco — 2011 — WHEFEBE1234B0

Rooted cosmopolitanism emerges as a dynamic framework for understanding global interactions in Cusco, Peru, challenging the binary global/local dichotomy. This study identifies three interrelated processes—openness to diversity, valuing local aesthetics, and territorial commitment—that collectively produce rooted cosmopolitan places. Unlike traditional cosmopolitanism theories focused on global North urban centers, this approach highlights simultaneous engagement with difference, personal preferences, traditions, and shared space in a South American context. The research contributes to broader conversations on negotiating diverse flows in place, offering a nuanced conceptualization that avoids prescriptive development criteria while advancing theoretical and empirical insights.

Rotational Grazing of Native Pasturelands in the Pantanal: An Effective Conservation Tool

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2011 — WHE48B44A3389

Rotational grazing significantly enhances cattle productivity and pasture conditions in the Pantanal, offering a sustainable conservation tool. A 17-month study comparing rotational and continuous grazing systems found that rotational grazing increased forage dry mass, resulting in cattle that were 15% heavier with 22% higher pregnancy rates. Additionally, stocking rates in rotational systems could be 2 to 6 times higher than those in continuously grazed areas, suggesting improved land use efficiency without compromising productivity. This approach mitigates the pressures of deforestation and habitat conversion while optimizing economic benefits for ranchers. The study, conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in collaboration with local communities, underscores the potential of rotational grazing to balance agricultural profitability with biodiversity conservation in the Pantanal.

RS-based monitoring seasonal changes of lake in Badain Jaran Desert

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2011 — WHE12511EB894

Seasonal lake dynamics in the Badain Jaran Desert exhibit distinct statistical and spatial patterns, with total lake area and number decreasing from spring to winter before regenerating annually. Remote sensing analysis of ETM+ imagery revealed that atrophic and expanded lake regions cluster spatially, while some periods show gradual transitions. These findings provide a foundation for further studies on water cycling, balance, and ecosystem dynamics in this unique desert landscape.

Rural ethos and urban development: the emergence of the first Hebrew town in modern Palestine

White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement — 2011 — WHE506E27AD5F

Tel Aviv's development from the late nineteenth century to the mid-1930s challenged the conventional dichotomy of nature and culture, demonstrating that rural, agricultural landscapes and urban metropolises could coexist as complementary facets of the Zionist dream. This study reveals how local and international planners, Zionist cultural agents, volunteer organizations, and residents collaboratively implemented strategies to materialize a green vision for Tel Aviv, the first Hebrew town in modern Palestine. By analyzing early Tel Aviv's rural imagery within the broader discourse on city planning, the research highlights the interplay between pastoral ideals and urban development, offering insights into how ideological goals shaped urban landscapes during this transformative period.

Ruskin and the English Lakes

The English Lake District — 2011 — WHE4497DB707B

A deep connection between the English Lake District and John Ruskin, one of Victorian England's most influential art critics and social theorists, is revealed. This biographical study highlights how the region shaped Ruskin's life, artistic vision, and commitment to local traditions and crafts over nearly three decades. The research, conducted by H. D. Rawnsley—a clergyman, conservationist, and former protégé of Ruskin—traces this relationship from Ruskin's childhood fascination with the landscape to his enduring legacy, including his funeral at Coniston. It also explores his collaboration with poet William Wordsworth and his role in founding a precursor to the National Trust, underscoring the Lake District's cultural and historical significance.

San Marco, Byzantium and the Myths of Venice

Venice and its Lagoon — 2011 — WHE410CFFB3A9

A critical examination of the historical and cultural narratives surrounding Venice's Basilica di San Marco reveals its complex origins, challenging long-held myths about its Byzantine influences. The book 'San Marco, Byzantium and the Myths of Venice' deconstructs the basilica's architectural and symbolic significance, arguing that its development was more intricately tied to Venetian identity than previously assumed. Through interdisciplinary analysis—incorporating art history, archaeology, and textual studies—the authors dissect the layers of myth and reality, offering a nuanced understanding of how Venice constructed its own historical legacy.

Sana’a Urban Transformation: from Walled to Fragmented City

Old City of Sana'a — 2011 — WHEF6595B73E6

Sana'a, the historic capital of Yemen, has undergone rapid and uncontrolled urban transformation, expanding from 3.7 square kilometers in 1962 to over 1,600 square kilometers by 2010. This study highlights the fragmentation of Sana'a's urban fabric, a phenomenon shared across Arab cities but often overshadowed by globalization discussions. Using diachronic and synchronic approaches, the research analyzes phases of urban form fragmentation and identifies spatial and environmental challenges in both old and new city areas. While not aiming for conclusive results, it provides a conceptual framework to inform debates on Sana'a's urban future.

Satellite-based evidence for a large hydrothermal system at Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion Island)

Pitons, cirques and remparts of Reunion Island — 2011 — WHED34BE15470

A large hydrothermal system beneath Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Reunion Island, has been identified through satellite-based evidence. During the April 2007 eruption, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from the Dolomieu crater's collapse phase were significantly higher than those explained by lava effusion alone, suggesting the sudden release of SO₂ from a previously hidden hydrothermal system. This discovery provides new insights into the magmatic source evolution and its potential role in eruptive behavior at this active volcano.

Seashore in the mountain: limestone-associated land snail fauna on the oceanic Hahajima Island (Ogasawara Islands, Western Pacific)

Ogasawara Islands — 2011 — WHE6F54A5ADFF

Land snails on oceanic islands, derived from mainland seashore ancestors, retain ecological preferences for high-pH, calcium-rich microhabitats with sparse vegetation cover. A study on Hahajima Island (Ogasawara Islands) found that these seashore-derived species exhibit higher diversity on limestone outcrops than non-limestone areas, while other snail species show no such preference. Additionally, seashore-derived species dominate limestone ridges over doline soils, even within limestone regions. This suggests their habitat use remains constrained by ancestral ecology, limiting colonization to exposed, calcium-rich environments. Notably, some seashore-derived species include cave-dwelling forms lacking functional eyes, indicating that only these lineages can colonize caves due to their ecological traits. The findings highlight how ancestral habitat preferences can persist and shape descendant species' ability to exploit novel habitats, even in depauperate island ecosystems.

Seasonal distribution and aerial surveys of mountain goats in Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington

Olympic National Park — 2011 — WHEBF7CF57D0A

Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Olympic, North Cascades, and Mount Rainier National Parks exhibit seasonal altitudinal movements, with winter ranges at lower elevations (817–1,787 meters) shifting to higher summer ranges (1,312–2,061 meters). GPS-collar data revealed that goats transition between these ranges within a narrow window (June 11–19 for ascent, October 26–November 9 for descent), with home range variability from 0.7 to 37.0 km depending on season and sex. Aerial survey detection probabilities varied significantly across parks (0.69 in North Cascades, 0.76 in Olympic, and 0.87 in Mount Rainier), influenced by habitat openness and group size. While surveys in Mount Rainier reliably captured goat presence, Olympic and North Cascades required adjustments to sampling frames to minimize biases. Expanding survey coverage by lowering altitude thresholds could improve population estimation accuracy.

Seasonal variability in faecal bacteria of semiarid rivers in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Serengeti National Park — 2011 — WHE4D6399E72C

A study on the Serengeti National Park's rivers reveals that wildlife, particularly migratory animals, significantly contributes to fecal bacteria levels in surface waters. The research found substantial seasonal variation in total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria, with increases during the wet season in southern rivers, while northern rivers showed minimal seasonal differences due to large resident wildlife populations. Fecal bacteria were positively correlated with rainfall and ammonia but exhibited a negative quadratic relationship with salinity. This suggests that wildlife in protected areas can be a major source of fecal contamination, posing potential threats to human health as water demand rises. The study used defined-substrate technology to quantify bacterial abundance, providing insights into the ecological factors influencing water quality in semiarid river systems.

Sección geológica del Pacífico al Atlántico a través de Costa Rica

Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park — 2011 — WHE79A678BBFB

A geological profile spanning Costa Rica, from the Osa Peninsula on the Pacific coast to Punta Cahuita on the Atlantic coast, reveals the distinct tectonic histories of two major basins: the Térraba and Talamanca basins. These basins accumulated over 5,000 meters of Tertiary sediments, forming a regressive megasequence. The Térraba basin exhibits compressive tectonics characterized by thrust scales and inverse faults, with subsidence in its backward part, while the Talamanca basin shows gravitational landslides in its sedimentary cover, leading to significant overlaps at the foot of the Talamanca mountain range on the coastal plain. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of the geological evolution of these basins, offering insights into their tectonic styles and sedimentary dynamics.

Seeing is Believing: Urban Gossip and the Balcony in Early Modern Venice

Venice and its Lagoon — 2011 — WHE594A050DAF

Balconies in early modern Venice served as social hubs where residents, particularly those of high status, could observe public events while being exposed to public scrutiny and gossip. This dual role—offering visibility without anonymity—was influenced by their liminal position between private and public spaces. The study, based on architectural, artistic, theatrical records, and magistracy documents, reveals that men were more likely to use balconies outside working hours, while women also frequented them. Additionally, the proximity of balconies to canals facilitated illicit activities. High-status individuals typically appeared only for special occasions, underscoring the balcony's significance in social dynamics.

Seeing Jefferson Anew: In His Time and Ours

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2011 — WHEEFE472E416

A recent collection of essays challenges the modern interpretation of Thomas Jefferson's role in American democracy, arguing that his democratic ideals differ significantly from contemporary understandings. The study avoids presentism, emphasizing Jefferson's historical context rather than projecting modern values onto him. It critiques works that overemphasize the relevance of Jefferson's ideas to today's politics, suggesting such approaches distort his actual contributions and limitations. By analyzing Jefferson's optimism and political thought within his own era, the essays aim to clarify misconceptions about democracy in early America, particularly regarding his stance on slavery and national self-determination.

Seismic tomographic imaging of the crust and upper mantle under the central and western Tien Shan orogenic belt

Western Tien-Shan — 2011 — WHEE5785F292C

Seismic tomographic imaging reveals distinct crustal and upper mantle structures beneath the central and western Tien Shan orogenic belt, indicating dynamic geological processes. High-velocity (Vp, Vs) and low Poisson's ratio (σ) anomalies in the upper and middle crust suggest the presence of Paleozoic crystalline basement rocks, while low-velocity and high-σ anomalies in the lower crust and upper mantle imply upwelling of hot, wet material from the mantle. The study also identifies underthrusting of the Tarim and Kazakh lithosphere beneath the Tien Shan, contributing to mountain building. Additionally, a lithospheric-scale boundary is observed along the Talas-Fergana fault, with contrasting seismic structures in central and western Tien Shan, potentially serving as a channel for mantle material to reach the surface.

Selecting cultural sites for the UNESCO World Heritage List: Recent work in the Rock Islands–Southern Lagoon area, Republic of Palau

Rock Islands Southern Lagoon — 2011 — WHE28C85DFC50

A collaborative approach combining archaeological expertise with traditional knowledge and local community involvement has emerged as a key strategy for identifying cultural properties of outstanding universal value (OUV) in the Pacific Islands, particularly in the Rock Islands–Southern Lagoon area of Palau. This research highlights how such partnerships can address the under-representation of the Pacific region on the UNESCO World Heritage List, while also navigating challenges related to governance and resource accumulation. The study underscores the importance of integrating indigenous perspectives with scientific methods to strengthen heritage nominations and management in the region.