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Showing 12741 – 12760 of 15962 publications

Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia-Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus

Western Caucasus — 2020 — WHEC9CAB4BEFB

Despite shared floral diversity and historical-cultural ties, medicinal ethnobotanical knowledge shows limited cross-border similarity between communities in the Western Caucasus. Only 9% of documented use-reports (URs) for 152 wild plant species were common across Georgia and Turkey, with just 33 species exhibiting consistent medicinal applications on both sides. While 66% of URs were novel to literature, key shared species—such as Plantago major and Urtica dioica—demonstrate enduring cultural significance. The study, conducted through interviews with 119 participants during transhumance periods (2017–2018), revealed that knowledge patterns vary by ethnolinguistic factors, cultural background, and access to multilingual literature. Findings suggest complex influences on medicinal plant traditions, warranting further investigation into intracultural diversity and socio-economic conditions.

Medicine in Ancient Assur

Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) — 2020 — WHEB297A58429

A groundbreaking microhistorical study of ancient Mesopotamian medicine reveals the earliest detailed account of a healer's career, focusing on Kiṣir-Aššur, an exorcist practicing in 7th-century BCE Assur (modern northern Iraq). By analyzing at least 73 texts linked to his professional stages, the research sheds new light on the functional aspects of magico-medical texts and their specialist contexts. This work significantly advances our understanding of ancient medical practices, offering unprecedented insights into the training, role, and documentation of healers in one of the world's earliest civilizations. The study is particularly valuable for those interested in ancient Near Eastern medicine, library history, and the evolution of specialized knowledge.

Medievalism as an Instrument of Political Renewal in Nineteenth-Century Germany

Cologne Cathedral — 2020 — WHE8304ED3487

Nineteenth-century Germany's quest for national unity found its most potent symbol not in political maneuvering but in the completion of Cologne Cathedral, which embodied the era's idealistic vision of a unified, Kaiser-led nation. This study reveals how medievalism served as a unifying cultural force across society, transcending political and confessional divides. While Bismarck's diplomacy ultimately achieved Germany's unification in 1871 under Wilhelm I, the high ideals of earlier movements—such as those tied to the cathedral's construction—remained unrealized. The research approach combines historical analysis with cultural critique, examining how medieval revivalism functioned as an instrument of political renewal, even if its grand aspirations were overshadowed by later pragmatic achievements.

Memoires and historical commentaries on the way to The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius by Nikolay Karamzin in the structure of the periodical “Vestnik Evropy” and Karamzin’s literary output

Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad — 2020 — WHE19D3828409

Nikolay Karamzin's historical sketch and description of the journey from Moscow to The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, published in 'Vestnik Evropy' (1802), offers a unique blend of travel itinerary, Russian history, and commentary on its rulers. This work stands out as both a significant contribution to Karamzin's literary output and an integral part of the periodical's 'Literature and miscellaneous' section. Analyzing this sketch reveals Karamzin's multifaceted role as a prose writer, historian, and chronicler of Russian history, often referred to as 'the Columbus of the Russian history.' The study explores how this piece fits within Karamzin's broader oeuvre, including his works like 'Letters of a Russian traveller' and 'History of the Russian State,' highlighting its thematic depth and historical significance.

Merit-making at ancient Bagan, Myanmar

Bagan — 2020 — WHE62F69F5FBD

Recent studies on the collapse of ancient states often focus on environmental factors such as ecocide or climate change, but this research highlights the significant role of cultural elements, particularly religion and ritual, in understanding these transformations. Using Bagan, Myanmar's classical-period capital, as a case study, the authors demonstrate how Buddhist merit-making practices—ritually enacted donations to temples and monasteries—were deeply intertwined with ecological, economic, social, and political dynamics. These ideologically charged acts of giving played a crucial role in both the rise and fall of Bagan, revealing the complexities of state collapse that go beyond environmental explanations alone.

Merv and Margiana

State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” — 2020 — WHEEBE0D3B0E8

Archaeological exploration of the Merv oasis reveals that the Hellenistic period in Margiana was characterized by fortified structures and urban development, challenging conventional interpretations based on classical citations. The study identified physical remains of walls possibly representing a fortified enclosure around the oasis, as referenced by Strabo, and examined the fortifications of ancient city sites like Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala. By analyzing material culture, researchers also assessed the chronology of urban occupation, providing new insights into the region's Hellenistic landscape.

Mesophication in temperate Europe: A dendrochronological reconstruction of tree succession and fires in a mixed deciduous stand in Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest — 2020 — WHE57D0119723

Research reveals the first evidence of mesophication—a shift from fire-dependent, shade-intolerant species to shade-tolerant ones—in temperate Europe's Białowieża Forest. Dendrochronological analysis showed that frequent fires until the late 18th century suppressed oak and pine regeneration, while their suppression in the 19th century allowed spruce encroachment and simultaneous recruitment of fire-sensitive species like Carpinus, Tilia, and Acer. The study demonstrates that fire exclusion has significantly altered forest dynamics, inhibiting oak and pine regeneration while promoting shade-tolerant species, offering critical insights into long-term ecosystem changes in mixed deciduous forests.

Mesophotic ecosystems at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (South-western Atlantic), reveal unique ichthyofauna and need for conservation

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2020 — WHE020206AECB

A groundbreaking survey of mesophotic ecosystems at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, has uncovered 19 new fish species, including four potential new species, significantly increasing marine fish richness by 8.2% in the region. This discovery underscores the biodiversity hidden at depths between 31 and 150 meters, even in well-studied areas like Fernando de Noronha. Researchers employed a multi-method approach, utilizing SCUBA and technical rebreather diving, baited remote underwater videos, and remotely operated vehicles to document shallow (≤ 30 m) and mesophotic fish diversity. The findings highlight the critical need for conservation efforts to protect these unique ichthyofauna, which remain largely unexplored and vulnerable to human impacts.

Mesozoic deposits of SW Gondwana (Namibia): unravelling Gondwanan sedimentary dispersion drivers by detrital zircon

Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes — 2020 — WHE02EBAAFC03

A sediment homogenization system spanning from the Permo-Carboniferous to at least the Lower Cretaceous is identified in the Namibian Mesozoic successions, revealing dynamic sedimentary processes during the transition from an ice house environment to an arid desert. The study used a combination of isotopic and morphometric data on detrital zircon grains, along with whole-rock geochemical analysis of sandstones, to unravel sediment dispersion drivers in SW Gondwana. Detrital zircon age patterns indicate distinct provenance changes, with the Lower Triassic Neu Loore Formation sourced locally, while Middle Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous formations (Omingonde, Etjo, Twyfelfontein) reflect extensive recycling and homogenization facilitated by fluvial and eolian transport systems. This suggests a shift in sediment dynamics during the Mesozoic era.

Metal Weapons and Social Differentiation at Bronze Age Tell es-Sultan

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2020 — WHED4A6049E9D

Copper weapons from Bronze Age Tell es-Sultan reveal significant social and economic transformations during the region's earliest urbanization. The study highlights how these weapons, found in both settlement and necropolis contexts, served as markers of social differentiation, reflecting shifting power dynamics and ideological symbolism. By analyzing technological features and functional aspects, the research provides a diachronic perspective on weapon evolution, suggesting that changes in form corresponded to evolving societal needs—both in warfare and symbolic power displays.

Methodical framework for developing interactive web maps based on the example of Struve Geodetic Arc UNESCO World Heritage Site

Struve Geodetic Arc — 2020 — WHE438ACFD5F7

A new methodical framework for developing interactive web maps has been established, addressing gaps in both theoretical and practical aspects of web cartography. This framework integrates user-centered design principles and practical experience to guide the creation of interactive web maps, covering key aspects such as interactivity, accessibility across devices, data structuring, multilinguality, and software selection. The proposed framework was demonstrated through the development of an interactive web map for the Struve Geodetic Arc UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing its applicability and effectiveness. Additionally, a new definition for interactive web maps is introduced, contributing to the systematization of principles in this field.

Metodología para la construcción del Inventario de Recursos Paisajísticos en la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Argentina), Patrimonio Mundial

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2020 — WHEE3E8691371

A novel methodology for constructing an inventory of landscape resources in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina, has been developed to address the urgent need for sustainable landscape management. This approach integrates data collection, evaluation, and georeferencing to systematically identify and protect key landscape elements. By providing a structured framework for recognizing and valuing the region's diverse resources, this study offers a critical tool for territorial planning and regulatory proposals. The methodology serves as a foundation for future conservation efforts, ensuring the long-term sustainability of this culturally and ecologically significant area.

Metrics for Bridge Resilience Indicators

Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar — 2020 — WHE66F5712C33

A new set of metrics for resilience indicators has been proposed to enhance the practical implementation of a decision-making framework for infrastructure service life management. This framework, developed by Turksezer et al., enables stakeholders to estimate system resilience through observable characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of design or intervention measures. The study builds on previous research that links safe, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure systems to societal resilience, highlighting the importance of such systems in mitigating losses from natural and anthropogenic hazards. By providing quantifiable metrics for resilience indicators, this work aims to support more informed decision-making in managing vulnerable infrastructure, such as bridges, against potential disruptions or damages.

Metropolitan Platon (Levshin) — publicist

Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad — 2020 — WHEB34F5AB636

Metropolitan Platon II (Levshin) emerges as a pivotal figure in 18th-century Russian spiritual and literary history, with his works reflecting profound spiritual growth tied to the Trinity Sergius Lavra. A comparative analysis of his texts, 'On the Road to Schism' (1767) and 'Brief History of the Russian Church' (1805), reveals evolving genre priorities, stylistic shifts, and a deep engagement with national and ecclesiastical traditions. His spiritual biography, rooted in the Lavra's legacy, underscores his role as both an educated hierarch and a key influence on the literary and historical discourse of his time.

MICHAEL SPENCE, The Late Medieval Monastery of Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire. Monastic Administration, Economy and Archival Memory

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey — 2020 — WHE8A906F9A81

Fountains Abbey reveals significant insights into late medieval monastic life through its archival records. Research by Michael Spence highlights the intricate administration and economic strategies employed by the monastery, offering a unique window into medieval Yorkshire's socio-economic landscape. The study leverages surviving documents to reconstruct the abbey's operations, demonstrating how monastic institutions adapted to political and economic pressures during this period. By analyzing archival memory, the research sheds light on the abbey's enduring legacy as both a religious center and a key player in regional governance.

Micro‐XRF analysis of silver decorations on Archaic helmets from Olympia

Archaeological Site of Olympia — 2020 — WHEB83EEDC3D0

Researchers analyzing silver decorations from six Archaic bronze helmets at Olympia, Greece, found that all samples contained over 95% silver. Using quantitative micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the study identified trace elements like gold, lead, and bismuth, which provided insights into the efficiency of ancient smelting techniques, the types of ore used, and potential geological origins of the silver. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the technological sophistication and material sourcing practices in Archaic Greece.

Microbial biofilm community structure and composition on the lithic substrates of Herculaneum Suburban Baths

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2020 — WHE48604E1C26

Light availability emerges as the key factor shaping microbial biofilm communities within the Herculaneum Suburban Baths. The study reveals distinct community structures along an irradiation gradient, with a dark, plaster-associated community dominated by Bacteria, Fungi, and cyanobacteria contrasting with dim, mortar-linked communities rich in Chlorophyta. Photoautotrophs dominate nearly all sites, while Fungi and Bacteria play minor roles. Confocal microscopy and molecular techniques (DGGE) further demonstrated that biofilm structural properties vary even within the same substrate, highlighting the baths as an environment-shaped ecosystem where substrate-specific communities interact along a light gradient.

Microlicia D. Don (Microlicieae, Melastomataceae) no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Estado de Goiás, Brasil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2020 — WHE0F69D40428

A taxonomic study of the genus Microlicia (Melastomataceae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil, reveals 18 species, including four newly described and one new record for Goiás state. This expands the known diversity of Microlicia from 19 to 24 species in the region, with 150 of its estimated 170 global species being endemic to Brazil. The research, conducted through systematic monthly collections between 2014 and 2016, provides detailed morphological descriptions, identification keys, and distribution data, highlighting rare species (M. crebropunctata and M. melanostagma) while documenting common taxa shared with Minas Gerais. The study addresses significant gaps in the taxonomic knowledge of this genus in Brazil's Cerrado biome.

Microscopic mechanism of sandstone hydration in Yungang Grottoes, China

Yungang Grottoes — 2020 — WHE3D67958A62

Research reveals that hydration significantly weakens the mechanical properties of sandstone minerals in Yungang Grottoes, China. Specifically, increasing water molecule exposure reduces the Young's modulus—a measure of stiffness—by up to 55% for key minerals like K-feldspar and Na-feldspar. Additionally, temperature fluctuations further degrade material integrity, with rising temperatures causing volume expansion and density reduction. The study employed molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations to assess microscopic properties (density, volume) and mechanical behavior (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio) of quartz, feldspars, and kaolinite, demonstrating marked anisotropy in their responses. These findings provide critical insights into the degradation mechanisms affecting this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering a theoretical foundation for conservation efforts.

Middens, Waste Disposal, and Health at Çatalhöyük

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2020 — WHE0747EFA9E5

Extensive midden deposits at Çatalhöyük reveal a long-term record of waste disposal practices that provide unique insights into the relationship between human activity, waste management, and health in Neolithic communities. These deposits contain significant amounts of ash from fuel burning and animal and human feces, offering interdisciplinary researchers an opportunity to study how built environments influenced public health over millennia. By analyzing these materials using various research methods, scientists aim to draw parallels with modern urban health challenges, suggesting that ancient waste practices could inform contemporary sustainability and sanitation strategies.