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LXXXII. About how Don Francisco Pizarro sent Verdugo to Cuzco with powers for his brother Juan Pizarro to have the lieutenancy of the city, and about the discussions that took place there, and what else happened

City of Cuzco — 2020 — WHE3B78A29E87

A historical account details the strategic maneuver by Don Francisco Pizarro, who dispatched Verdugo to Cuzco with authority to grant his brother Juan Pizarro the lieutenancy of the city. This action marked a pivotal moment in the consolidation of Spanish control over Cuzco during the early colonial period. The narrative captures the political dynamics and discussions that unfolded within the city, offering insights into the power struggles and governance strategies employed by the Pizarro brothers. Published as part of 'The Discovery and Conquest of Peru,' this excerpt provides a firsthand perspective on the complexities of establishing Spanish rule in the region.

LXXXIII. About how Don Francisco Pizarro returned to the City of the Kings, then left to go to the city of Cuzco when he learned of the things that were happening there

City of Cuzco — 2020 — WHE59CDED9F24

A historical analysis reveals the strategic decisions of Francisco Pizarro, who returned to the City of the Kings (Lima) before proceeding to Cuzco upon learning of significant developments there. This account, extracted from 'The Discovery and Conquest of Peru,' provides insights into Pizarro's navigational choices during his conquest of the Inca Empire. The study employs a narrative approach, drawing from primary historical sources to reconstruct Pizarro's movements and their implications for the conquest's trajectory. It underscores the importance of real-time information in shaping military strategy during this pivotal period.

Lydian Sardis and Its Sphere of Influence in the Light of Laboratory Analysis Results

Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe — 2020 — WHE2555E125BB

Laboratory analyses of Archaic East Greek and Anatolian pottery from Lydian Sardis, Kelainai, and Daskyleion reveal significant insights into the cultural and trade dynamics between Lydian and Greek settlements in the ancient Mediterranean. The study, conducted by the Lyon Laboratory for Archaeometry, identified distinct ceramic signatures that highlight the interconnectedness of Sardis with nearby Greek colonies such as Old Smyrna and Ephesus. These findings enhance our understanding of the Lydian sphere's influence and its complex relationships with neighboring regions during the Archaic period.

Machine Learning Reveals the Seismic Signature of Eruptive Behavior at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano

Pitons Management Area — 2020 — WHECD1F1F358F

A groundbreaking study reveals distinct seismic signatures linked to eruptive dynamics at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano. Using machine learning on six years of continuous seismic data, researchers identified patterns associated with high-volume lava effusion and vent closure during eruptions in 2015 and 2018. This approach offers new insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of volcanic activity, potentially transforming our understanding of eruptive behavior. The methodology is adaptable to other active volcanoes, promising broader applications for volcanic hazard assessment.

Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE) Field Campaign Report

Macquarie Island — 2020 — WHEE4F803A985

A collaborative field campaign on Macquarie Island revealed critical insights into the behavior of clouds and radiation over the Southern Ocean. The Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE), conducted from March 2016 to March 2018, deployed advanced ground instrumentation to collect comprehensive data on surface radiation, cloud properties, precipitation, and aerosols. This study, led by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility in partnership with the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), aimed to deepen our understanding of these atmospheric phenomena. The campaign highlighted key data quality issues and developed value-added products to facilitate scientific analysis, providing a robust dataset for future research on climate dynamics in this pristine and ecologically significant region.

Macro Photogrammetry & Surface Features Extraction for Paleolithic Portable Art Documentation

Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula — 2020 — WHEF4430D0A81

A groundbreaking methodology using macro photogrammetry has been developed to document Paleolithic portable art with unprecedented accuracy. This approach generates 3D models and orthorectified images at a spatial resolution of tens of microns, enabling the detailed documentation of faint paintings and fine engravings on limestone plaquettes. The study focuses on plaquette number 16330 from Cova del Parpalló, a significant Paleolithic site in Spain's UNESCO-listed Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin. By leveraging HyperCube and DStretch software for data processing, researchers have created an objective and reproducible documentation that challenges and reinterprets earlier graphic records from the 1990s. This methodology not only advances the field of archaeological documentation but also provides a new standard for preserving and analyzing delicate Paleolithic art.

Macro- and trace elements content in honeybee pollen loads in relation to the harvest season

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2020 — WHE32EAF60F9D

Honeybee pollen loads from the UNESCO World Heritage Site Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, exhibit seasonal variations in macro-and trace element content. The study found that spring and winter pollen loads contain higher levels of essential elements like sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn), making them valuable as food supplements. Conversely, autumn pollen loads showed the highest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), while summer pollen loads had the most zinc (Zn). These variations are linked to the dominant floral resources—rapeseed, sunflower, summer squash, and date palm—and highlight the seasonal dependency of element content in pollen. The research analyzed samples collected over four seasons in 2018/2019, providing insights into how environmental factors influence nutrient composition in bee-derived products.

Macrofungi from the Hebron and Jerusalem Hills of Palestine

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2020 — WHE0AEC89AAC9

A comprehensive annotated list of 135 macrofungi species from the Hebron and Jerusalem Hills of Palestine, including new additions, has been published. This study significantly expands the known mycobiota of the region, providing detailed distribution data for both scientific and conservation purposes. Researchers employed field surveys and taxonomic analysis to document these fungi, contributing valuable insights into the biodiversity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The full list is freely accessible online, offering a critical resource for mycologists, ecologists, and heritage conservationists.

Madinat al-Zahra Museum

Caliphate City of Medina Azahara — 2020 — WHE672EF4C819

The Madinat al-Zahra Museum, designed with the archaeological site as its centerpiece, offers a unique interpretation of the short-lived but culturally significant Islamic city of Medina Azahara (940–1010 CE) in al-Andalus. It serves as a visual memory of a plural past, highlighting the cultural and religious coexistence that defined this period. The museum's architecture supports a comprehensive museological journey, from excavation and conservation to exhibition, while also integrating findings back into site reconstructions. This approach ensures a dynamic understanding of the city's influence on Western Islamic civilization and its exchanges with Europe and the broader world.

Magánmitológiák Nagy József és Romeo Castellucci előadásaiban

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge — 2020 — WHE7EFDADAE0E

Private mythologies take center stage in the avant-garde performances staged within Avignon's papal palace, revealing how visual artists József Nagy and Romeo Castellucci subvert traditional theater by prioritizing imagery over narrative. Their works, analyzed in this study, transcend representation to construct autonomous worlds where visual dominance erases textual expression. By comparing their approaches—rooted in visual art rather than conventional theater—researchers uncover a shared emphasis on myth-making, though through distinct stylistic and conceptual frameworks. The analysis highlights how these performances challenge audience expectations by dissolving the boundary between performance and world-building, offering a radical redefinition of theatrical experience within one of Europe's most historically significant sites.

Magma fragmentation and particle size distributions in low intensity mafic explosions: the July/August 2015 Piton de la Fournaise eruption

Pitons Management Area — 2020 — WHEB34BC99C53

Low-intensity mafic explosions, often overlooked but frequent and hazardous, were studied during the July/August 2015 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise. The research revealed that surface tension instabilities and inertial forces drive magma fragmentation, producing coarse-skewed particle size distributions with median diameters ranging from -8 to -10 ϕ. Over time, these distributions shifted toward more symmetrical shapes as grain sizes became finer due to in-flight fragmentation of magma droplets. The study combined visual and thermal documentation with sample analysis to elucidate the dynamics of magma fragmentation and its implications for vent-proximal hazard assessment.

Magma Intrusion and Volatile Ascent Beneath Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2020 — WHEF06348E2F1

A recent study reveals that the rapid uplift and subsidence observed near Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, are driven by evolving processes of deep magma intrusion followed by volatile ascent. The research, utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, shows that between 1996–2001, deep magma intrusion occurred, which was later followed by the ascent and accumulation of volatiles at shallow depths—possibly as shallow as a few hundred meters. This shallow volatile accumulation has progressively shallowed from the 2014 to the 2016 deformation episodes, correlating with increased eruptions of Steamboat Geyser since March 2018. The study also highlights an elevated risk of hydrothermal explosions in this region due to the shallow nature of volatile accumulation.

Magnetic signal approach to the interpretation of meteorite impact crater at Bukit Bunuh

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2020 — WHE80AB3E502A

Researchers have identified a meteorite impact crater in the Bukit Bunuh area of Malaysia's Lenggong Valley using magnetic signal analysis. The study reveals that the crater, approximately 5 km in diameter, is filled with sediments and surrounded by a rebound zone characterized by high magnetic values. This discovery was made through a series of magnetic profiles measured across the suspected area using a proton precision magnetometer, with data processed via Surfer8 software to produce an analytic signal map. The findings contribute to the understanding of the geological structure of Bukit Bunuh, providing insights into its formation and characteristics.

Making a sense of place for Safranbolu World Heritage Site

City of Safranbolu — 2020 — WHEFFB8BE1BFC

A documentary from Safranbolu's early UNESCO World Heritage designation era, 'Safranbolu: Reflections of Time,' played a pivotal role in shaping the city's heritage discourse and identity. This study reveals that the documentary acted as a powerful tool to mobilize heritage conservation efforts by crafting narratives around place and identity. Through discourse analysis, it was found that the official heritage narrative promoted 'cultural conservatism,' sublimating tradition while depicting modernity as a challenging experience. The research underscores how linguistic practices in heritage documentation can influence perceptions of place and identity, contributing to the broader understanding of heritage conservation strategies.

Malariology

Canaima National Park — 2020 — WHEEDCD7096A8

This narrative explores the dual challenges of malaria treatment and socioeconomic instability in Santa Elena de Uairén, Venezuela, a border town adjacent to Canaima National Park. The account highlights critical gaps in healthcare access, particularly the underdosing of quinine for malaria patients due to shortages, exacerbating public health risks. It also underscores the broader economic crisis in Venezuela, which has diverted resources and attention away from essential services like medicine distribution. The study provides a firsthand perspective on the intersection of medical and logistical failures, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable healthcare solutions in resource-limited settings.

Man's Emotional Responses and Wellbeing in theKasbah of Algiers

Kasbah of Algiers — 2020 — WHE8DAE9B483D

A study on the Kasbah of Algiers reveals that positive emotional responses—such as joy, admiration, surprise, awe, and optimism—enhance user comfort, satisfaction, and well-being. These emotions are closely tied to specific spatial stimuli within the site, including terraces with sea views, sunlit alleys, and transitions between dark and open spaces, such as the shift from covered impasses to light-filled patios or terraces. The research involved 10 architects who documented their spontaneous emotional reactions while navigating the Kasbah's alleys, with findings analyzed using Plutchik's emotional framework. This highlights the significance of architectural design in fostering positive human experiences and urban well-being.

Management effectiveness in marine protected areas for conservation of Antillean manatees on the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Sian Ka'an — 2020 — WHE0687F39B43

Chetumal Bay Manatee Sanctuary demonstrates the highest management effectiveness (71%) for conserving Antillean manatees among three marine protected areas (MPAs) on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, outperforming Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (53%) and Yum-Balam Flora and Fauna Reserve (43%). This evaluation, based on 199 interviews across seven communities, assessed traditional knowledge, conservation actions, stakeholder engagement, and socio-economic impacts. While MPAs varied in governance and context, standardized criteria revealed that economic activities like fishing and tourism significantly influence management effectiveness. The study highlights Chetumal Bay's strong performance as a model for manatee conservation in similar regions.

Management of Isolated Islands: The example of Sceilg Mhichíl, Ireland

Sceilg Mhichíl — 2020 — WHE8712230FE2

Skellig Michael, an isolated island off the coast of Ireland, presents unique challenges in management due to its dual designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Statutory Nature Reserve. The study highlights the complex task of balancing cultural heritage preservation with ecological conservation, particularly given the island's significant distance from the mainland. It emphasizes the need for high international standards in protection while providing essential services like guided tours. The research approaches this issue by examining the island's management strategies, which must account for its ornithological importance and cultural landscape significance. This case study offers insights into the practicalities of managing such isolated sites, where logistical constraints and the need to preserve both human heritage and wildlife are paramount.

Manajemen Pariwisata di Pulau Padar, Taman Nasional Komodo, Labuan Bajo

Komodo National Park — 2020 — WHED922B33729

Padar Island, part of Indonesia's Komodo National Park, has emerged as a significant tourist destination, outpacing nearby islands like Komodo and Rinca. Despite its growing tourism potential, the study highlights that management efforts in the region primarily focus on conservation rather than tourism-specific strategies. The research identifies key challenges, including the island's tourism profile—encompassing attraction, accessibility, amenities, and ancillary factors—as well as the impact of tourism on natural conditions and community interactions. It also examines resource management strategies implemented by Komodo National Park authorities. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative and quantitative data from observations, interviews, and documents to address these issues. The findings underscore the need for balanced tourism management that integrates conservation goals with sustainable visitor experiences.

Mangrove Forest and Plantation

Sundarbans National Park — 2020 — WHE0242E5A19E

Mangroves, once dismissed as wastelands, are now recognized for their critical ecological services, including coastal stabilization and biodiversity support. A study highlights a significant rejuvenation of mangrove forests globally, with India's mangrove cover expanding from 427 km² in 1987 to 1140 km² by 2017—a more than two-and-a-half-fold increase. This growth is particularly notable in Gujarat, where education and awareness campaigns, supported by organizations like the GEER Foundation and IUCN, have driven conservation success despite limited species diversity (14 species). The Sundarbans National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site spanning 6000 km² across India and Bangladesh, remains the world's largest contiguous mangrove forest. Detailed mapping of mangroves and potential expansion areas has further informed conservation strategies.