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Strategic Options for the Development of Ecotourism in the Danube Delta in the Context of Globalization

Danube Delta — 2020 — WHE6EE00E2388

The Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a biodiversity hotspot, faces significant challenges in developing ecotourism that balances economic benefits with ecological sustainability. This study identifies strategic options for harnessing the region's natural beauty—renowned for its wildlife and maritime landscapes—to drive sustainable tourism growth while mitigating the impacts of globalization. It highlights the need for greater public awareness of ecotourism’s economic potential, both now and in the future, to foster long-term conservation efforts. The research employs a comparative approach, analyzing global ecotourism trends and their socio-economic consequences, with a focus on the Danube Delta as a case study. Key findings underscore the interdependence between globalization-driven tourism demands and local sustainable development strategies, offering actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.

Strategic planning and place branding in a World Heritage cultural landscape: a case study of the English Lake District, UK

The English Lake District — 2020 — WHE77C8878D5E

UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) inscription for the English Lake District in 2017 reflects a successful integration of strategic planning and place branding, revealing how these processes shape a landscape's universal value. The study highlights that governance through a partnership model, led by the Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA), enabled the articulation of an 'evolving' cultural landscape encompassing agro-pastoral, artistic/literary, and conservation identities. This approach balanced sustainable development goals with branding imperatives, demonstrating how WHS designation can be achieved through collaborative governance that leverages multiple landscape narratives. The case study spans 2006–2018, illustrating the interplay between planning frameworks and promotional strategies in securing international recognition.

Strategies for Post-COVID Cities: An Insight to Paris En Commun and Milano 2020

Paris, Banks of the Seine — 2020 — WHED288B9EC9C

Urban resilience to future epidemics can be enhanced by three key strategies: decentralization of facilities, hierarchization of transport and public services, and redundancy of public functions. This insight emerges from a comparative analysis of the Paris en Commun and Milano 2020 post-COVID urban strategies against the epidemic prevention area (EPA) framework proposed by researchers in China. The study highlights that these factors not only improve a city's preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks but also contribute to its quality, equity, and overall resilience.

Strategy of Protecting the Silhouette of a Historical City: The Case of Saint-Petersburg

Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments — 2020 — WHE13A45B18C1

A model for analyzing and preserving the silhouette of historical cities, particularly UNESCO World Heritage Sites, has been developed. This approach integrates landscape-visual analysis to evaluate urban views and panoramas, providing a system of criteria that supports sustainable development goals. The study focuses on Saint Petersburg's historic center, where urban transformation risks altering its iconic visual identity. By examining existing tools for view protection and local experiences, the research proposes legislative improvements and practical recommendations to safeguard the city's silhouette while accommodating modern urban development.

Street Food Consumption And Hygiene Issues In George Town, Penang

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2020 — WHE80478E3770

A significant gap exists between street food hygiene practices and consumer expectations in George Town, Penang—a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its gastronomic appeal. Research involving 200 consumers (100 locals and 100 international tourists) and 30 hawkers, alongside seven in-depth interviews, revealed that hygiene issues persist despite variations in perceptions between local and international groups. The study underscores the need for urgent intervention by authorities and vendors to address these concerns through targeted initiatives, ensuring food safety without compromising George Town's cultural and culinary heritage.

Structural analysis of earth construction’s vaults: Case of underground tombs of Chogha Zanbil

Tchogha Zanbil — 2020 — WHEFC2D45843C

A structural analysis of the vaults in Chogha Zanbil's underground tombs reveals that these 3,300-year-old constructions exhibit remarkable durability due to advanced Elamite architectural techniques. The study found that bending forces in the vaults are effectively converted into pressure, which is resisted by brickwork, contributing to their long-term stability. Using SAP software, researchers analyzed force transmission, bending moments, and shear forces based on field observations and literature data. This analysis underscores the exceptional craftsmanship of Elamite architects, whose methods have preserved these tombs in excellent condition despite millennia, thereby sustaining Chogha Zanbil's outstanding universal value as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Structural evolution along the Susa Shear Zone: the role of a first-order shear zone in the exhumation of meta-ophiolite units (Western Alps)

Susa — 2020 — WHE5170FF6FFF

A significant new model explains the role of the Susa Shear Zone (SSZ) in the exhumation of meta-ophiolite units within the Western Alps, revealing its function as a first-order shear zone that couples tectonometamorphic units with distinct pressure-temperature (P–T) peaks. The study identifies two key shearing events (T1 and T2) during Alpine subduction and exhumation, characterized by contrasting kinematics—'apparent reverse' Top-to-E during early exhumation and Top-to-W during late exhumation. Detailed fieldwork and structural analysis allowed the reconstruction of four main deformation phases (D1 to D4), clarifying their relative timing and geometrical relationships. This four-step geodynamic model underscores the SSZ's critical role in shaping the axial sector of the Western Alps, offering insights into the complex tectonic processes governing mountain building.

Structure and Composition of Terra Firme and Seasonally Flooded Várzea Forests in the Western Brazilian Amazon

Central Amazon Conservation Complex — 2020 — WHEB4BB4BF02A

Floodplain forests are a crucial complement to terra firme forests in terms of Amazonian woody plant diversity. This study, conducted in the remote Central Amazon Conservation Complex, reveals that while species richness is greater in terra firme forests, floodplain forests exhibit some of the highest regional species richness. The research highlights significant differences in structure and species composition between these forest types, with many species being forest type-specific despite some overlap. To investigate this, the study inventoried 97 plots across both terra firme and seasonally flooded forests, analyzing family- and species-level floristic composition, diversity, and structural variability. This findings underscore the importance of floodplain forests in maintaining Amazonian biodiversity and have implications for climate regulation and conservation planning.

Structure and Composition of the Nadayansky Lava Flow: an Example of the Homogeneity of Lava Flows of the Siberian Trap Province

Putorana Plateau — 2020 — WHED583847873

Researchers have demonstrated the remarkable homogeneity of the Nadayansky Lava Flow, a key marker in the Siberian Trap Province, covering approximately 48,000 km² with an average thickness of 30 to 50 meters. This study reveals that both major and trace elements in the flow exhibit minimal variation, with concentrations such as SiO₂ (48.31%), TiO₂ (1.26%), and others remaining consistent within analytical uncertainties across hundreds of kilometers. The Nadayansky Flow's distinct glomerophyric texture further aids its identification from underlying and overlying formations. By comparing it to adjacent geological units like the Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky formations, the study highlights subtle but significant differences in TiO₂ concentrations (1.19% to 1.3%), crucial for stratigraphic correlation. These findings underscore the compositional uniformity of erupted magmas in continental flood basalt provinces, offering a geochemical framework for correlating distant volcanic sequences.

Struga Toruńska (tzw. Bacha) w zarządzeniach wewnątrzmiejskich Torunia do początku XVI w.

Medieval Town of Toruń — 2020 — WHE43FE353616

This study reveals that the Struga Toruńska, an artificial watercourse in Toruń, played a multifaceted role in medieval and early modern times. It was not only vital for maintaining public health and supporting local economies through fish farming and milling but also served as a defensive barrier during attacks. The research highlights that inhabitants of the Mokre suburb were primarily responsible for maintaining the riverbed, ensuring clean water flow by removing vegetation and debris. Unlike the Vistula, which was seen as untamed and destructive yet essential for transport, the Struga was meticulously regulated to benefit the city's daily life and security. This is the first analysis of legal regulations concerning the Struga in relation to its socio-economic significance.

Studies on the genus Capparis L. (Capparaceae) in Lao PDR. IV: A new species from the Khammouan Province

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2020 — WHE44A78AB701

Researchers have identified and described a new species of Capparis, C. florida, from the Hin Nam No National Protected Area within the UNESCO-listed Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park in Lao PDR's Khammouan Province. This discovery belongs to the sect. Monostichocalyx and is characterized by its erect shrub form, widely ovate or elliptical leaf-blade, serial flowers in supra-axillary rows, and slender ovary with an evident style. The study compares C. florida with related taxa, such as the widespread C. micracantha, to elucidate its affinities and assesses its conservation status. This finding contributes to the understanding of Capparis diversity in Lao PDR's karst habitats.

Studies on the genus Capparis L. (Capparaceae) in Lao PDR. V: A new species from limestones of the Luang Prabang Province

Town of Luang Prabang — 2020 — WHEDDADD23C16

Researchers have identified and described a new species of Capparis, C. lianosa Fici & Souvannakhoummane, from the limestone regions of Muang Ngoi District, Luang Prabang Province in northern Lao PDR. This discovery belongs to the section Capparis sect. Monostichocalyx Radlk. and is closely related to C. zeylanica L., but distinguished by several key morphological differences, including shorter stipular thorns, acuminate leaf apices, and a glabrous or glabrescent gynophore with a flattened stigma. The study contributes to the understanding of biodiversity in the region, particularly within the Capparaceae family, and highlights the importance of limestone habitats for species diversity.

Study and Restoration of the Yi Ma Wu Hui Layer of the Ancient Coating on the Putuo Zongcheng Temple

Historic Centre of Macao — 2020 — WHE2347609ACD

Research on the Putuo Zongcheng Temple in Macao's historic center reveals that nonblood Yi Ma Wu Hui (YMWH) techniques were used in its ancient coatings, a discovery confirmed through advanced analytical methods. The study employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the YMWH layer and compare it with commercial restoration materials. This comparison validated the use of nonblood YMWH processes, enabling a successful restoration that preserves the temple's original structure. The findings enhance understanding of traditional coating techniques, offering valuable insights for the preservation of ancient cultural architecture.

Study of Shallow Groundwater Characteristics in Sangiran Dome, Kalijambe District

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2020 — WHE51EDFA44D0

Shallow groundwater in the Sangiran Dome exhibits distinct flow patterns and chemical characteristics, primarily concentrated in the Kalibeng Formation with neutral to basic pH levels. The study identified diffuse flow in the Pucangan Formation and irregular flow in the Kabuh and Notopuro Formations, where acidic conditions were also detected. Groundwater electrical conductivity (DHL) was low across most formations except for moderate levels in the Kalibeng Formation. This research used spatial analysis of geological maps, slope data, and hydrological parameters to map groundwater behavior, providing critical insights into the hydrogeology of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Study of the conservation and exhibition of burned wall paintings in the main hall of the treasure house at Horyu-ji Temple

Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area — 2020 — WHE81DA0B77EE

A numerical analysis revealed that using a blower system in the attic space of Horyu-ji Temple's treasure house effectively reduces relative humidity, mitigating risks of mold and pest damage to burned wall paintings. This finding is critical for both preserving the paintings under closed conditions and enabling future exhibitions, where visitor-induced heat and moisture could exacerbate biological deterioration. The study evaluated two scenarios—preservation and exhibition—to quantify the impact of environmental control on humidity levels, providing actionable insights for managing microclimates in heritage conservation settings.

Study on Community Participation in Tourism Activities in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2020 — WHE7EDE4EBCA2

A study on Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its geological and biodiversity significance, reveals that community participation in tourism development is critical for sustainable socio-economic and environmental outcomes. The research, conducted by Tran (2020), found that effective engagement of local communities—through empowerment in planning, management, and advisory roles—enhances the success of tourism initiatives. Using Pretty's (1995) 7-step participation scale and evaluating factors such as awareness, motivation, and barriers across 32 criteria, the study assessed community involvement in this globally recognized destination. The findings underscore the need for targeted policies to overcome obstacles and maximize local contributions, ensuring tourism aligns with both conservation goals and community benefits.

Study on Optimization Method of Spatial Structure Characteristics of Peak Forest Landform in Wulingyuan Scenic Area

Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2020 — WHE7712514D63

A new optimization method for the spatial structure of peak forest landforms in Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area has been developed to protect its ecological integrity. The study reveals that Wulingyuan's karst peak forests exhibit stronger karstification and greater surface fragmentation compared to non-karst areas, with vegetation showing lower fragmentation but artificial landscapes becoming increasingly fragmented over time. Researchers used GIS, digital topographic analysis, and tree theory to assess landscape patterns, identifying depression zones through contour tree node serialization. The proposed optimization strategy balances centralization and decentralization while enhancing the quality of artificial ecosystems, aiming to mitigate environmental degradation in this unique geological formation.

Study on the tufa Thickness and Formation Age of Dyke at Sparkling Lake, Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, Sichuan Province

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2020 — WHEB71123FAA6

A comprehensive study of Sparkling Lake’s Dyke in Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan Province, reveals that the tufa thickness ranges from 8 meters to 22.78 meters, underlain by glacial till, with a formation age spanning 4.3 thousand to 27 thousand years ago. Carbon-14 dating indicates a deposition rate of 2.25 mm to 9.35 mm per year, challenging the assumption of simple bottom-up overlaying in tufa deposition. The research, conducted post-earthquake, combines large-scale geological surveys, drone imagery (dronestagram), and minor-caliber backpack drilling to analyze the dyke’s structure and evolution, providing critical data for ecological restoration efforts at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Study the Effects of Shari Lake on the Physical and Chemical Properties for Groundwater in Samarra City

Samarra Archaeological City — 2020 — WHED440A2A60F

Groundwater near Shari Lake in Samarra exhibits elevated pH and sulfate levels, indicating significant influence from the lake's watershed and underlying limestone structures. The study analyzed samples from Jelam 1, Jelam 2, and other locations across Samarra, revealing that Jelam sites had the highest pH values while the SDI factory recorded the highest sulfate concentrations. These variations suggest groundwater is affected by dissolved salts and minerals, particularly due to limestone dissolution in the region's geology.

Subantarctic Adams Island and its birdlife

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2020 — WHE0D85C574E6

Adams Island, the second-largest island in New Zealand's Auckland Islands group and the largest without established introduced mammals, supports a unique and abundant avifauna due to its predator-free environment. The island's diverse habitats—ranging from forest to shrubland, grassland, fellfield, and herb-fields—foster high densities of bird species, closely resembling pre-human conditions with the notable exception of the Auckland Island merganser. A total of 48 bird species have been recorded on Adams Island, including 22 land birds and 26 seabirds, with 34 species confirmed or likely to breed there. Additionally, eight introduced species, six of which probably breed, add to the island's ecological complexity. This study provides a comprehensive description of the island's ornithological history and current avifauna status, highlighting its significance as a pristine ecosystem in the Subantarctic region.