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Publications

Showing 15381 – 15400 of 15962 publications

Mapping Pathways to Heaven: A Topographical Engraving of Meteora (1782)

Meteora — 2013 — WHE7544764B14

A late 18th-century topographical engraving of Meteora, the second-largest monastic complex in Greece and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reveals how cartographic principles merged with Byzantine artistic traditions to create a unique visual representation. This 1782 print serves as both a mental map reflecting monks' perceptions of the region and a promotional tool during a period of political instability. The engraving's dual purpose—simultaneously concealing harsh terrestrial conditions while highlighting spiritual pathways—offers insight into vernacular Greek cartographic practices and the cultural significance of Meteora. The study analyzes this rare artifact to uncover its historical and artistic value, situating it within broader trends in Greek mapping and monastic visualization.

Market segmentation based on time use: an empirical analysis in the historic city of Toledo, Spain

Historic City of Toledo — 2013 — WHE1634E4D192

A study of the historic city of Toledo, Spain, reveals that time use is an effective and profitable criterion for segmenting visitors, with distinct differences in spending and future intentions between day-trippers and tourists. The research analyzed data from 799 day-trippers and tourists, identifying four segments for each group. These findings suggest that understanding time use can help destinations prioritize which visitor groups to attract and optimize activity and service offerings.

Microbiological diversity in the Unfinished Sacristy building of the Convent of Christ, Tomar, and evaluation of its biocide-based control

Convent of Christ in Tomar — 2013 — WHEBD0D5BDA1F

A study on the Convent of Christ in Tomar, Portugal, revealed that biocide effectiveness varies significantly depending on the type of microorganism present on limestone walls. Benzalkonium chloride proved more effective against bacterial isolates, while Biotin T showed better performance against fungal isolates. The research characterized microorganisms colonizing the Unfinished Sacristy using classical microbiology techniques and tested three biocides—Biotin T, benzalkonium chloride, and a paint additive—to assess their inhibition effects on microbial growth. This finding highlights the need for tailored biocide-based control strategies to effectively manage microbial colonization in historic structures.

Modelling the ancient maize agriculture potential of landforms in Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Tikal National Park — 2013 — WHEB643A5ADE6

A predictive model of ancient maize agriculture in Tikal National Park reveals that bajo margins were likely used for sustained farming, while upland Rendolls soils showed long-term C3 vegetation signatures, suggesting diverse food production systems. The study combined non-parametric regression, stable carbon isotopes, soil properties, and remote-sensing data to identify areas with strong C4 isotopic enrichment indicative of maize cultivation. Upland regions lacked clear C4 signals, implying alternative land-use practices such as silviculture or forest gardens. This approach provides a cost-effective method for reconstructing subsistence strategies in ancient polities.

Morphometric Analyses of Danxia Landforms in Relation to Bedrock Geology: A Case of Mt. Danxia, Guangdong Province, China

China Danxia — 2013 — WHE0E57CE8157

A study of Mt. Danxia, Guangdong Province, China, reveals that the morphometric characteristics of Danxia landforms—marked by red-colored sandstones and steep cliffs—are significantly influenced by lithology and fault systems. Using GIS-based geomorphometric analyses of 42 watersheds, researchers found that hypsometric integrals (HI) reflect lithological differences between eastern and western parts of the area, while stream length gradients and Hack profiles indicate strong fault control over stream direction. This work provides a detailed quantitative assessment of Danxia landforms, offering insights into their erosional evolution and geological controls.

Naval power and the Province of Senegambia, 1758–1779

Island of Gorée — 2013 — WHE5CD3A3F867

British efforts to establish and maintain the Province of Senegambia (1765–1779) as West Africa's first formal colony were undermined by a flawed coastal patrol scheme, compounded by dysfunctional local governance and insufficient resources. Despite its profitability in gum arabic and slave trading, the province faced persistent Franco-British rivalry, particularly due to France's stronghold on the nearby island of Gorée. Naval power was central to British operations, yet systemic failures—including neglect from London—hindered its effectiveness.

New evidence for self‐medication in bonobos: Manniophyton fulvum leaf‐ and stemstrip‐swallowing from LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DR Congo

Salonga National Park — 2013 — WHE23F73C57A4

Researchers present new evidence supporting the hypothesis that bonobos engage in self-medication by consuming leaves and stemstrips of Manniophyton fulvum without chewing, a behavior observed at LuiKotale in Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. The study meets four out of six criteria proposed by Huffman for identifying plants ingested for medicinal purposes, suggesting that bonobos may use this plant to alleviate parasite infestations or other stressors. Analysis of 1,094 dung piles and phenological data revealed that ingestion occurred seasonally, correlating with rain and temperature patterns, which are predictors for parasite development and immune response challenges in hosts. The findings also highlight potential pharmacological effects of the plant, drawing parallels to its ethnomedicinal uses by humans.

Noi cercetari la Porolissum / New Researches at Porolissum

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia — 2013 — WHEAA878C6249

Archaeological research at Porolissum, a Roman fort in Dacia, has identified a previously unknown ballistarium—a specialized building for storing artillery projectiles and war machines. Excavations between 2010 and 2012 uncovered a 25 × 10-meter structure near the fort's main gate, characterized by five distinct habitation layers dating from AD 140 to 180/190. The discovery of approximately 90 stone projectiles (9 cm diameter) and other military artifacts, along with parallels from British auxiliary forts, confirms its role as a ballistarium. Additionally, geophysical surveys revealed extensive civilian habitation, including large stone buildings and dwellings, expanding knowledge of the Roman town municipium Septimium Porolissensis.

O centro histórico de Lima, Peru: novos usos da Rua Jirón de La Unión

Historic Centre of Lima — 2013 — WHEC025CAB058

A predominant commercial use characterizes the current landscape of Jirón de la Unión Street, a central artery within Lima's Historic Centre. This finding emerges from a study that employed bibliographical, cartographic, photographic, and documentary surveys alongside fieldwork to analyze land use and urban scenery. The research, conducted by Gregório de Andrade and Morais Soares (2013), sheds light on the evolving dynamics of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, where patrimonial management policies have been in place since the 1980s. By examining these new uses, the study offers insights into the complex spatial organization challenges faced by Lima's historic urban core.

Observation of mega-dune evaporation after various rain events in the hinterland of Badain Jaran Desert, China

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2013 — WHE6C625CDB30

Local atmospheric precipitation does not significantly contribute to recharging the groundwater system in the hinterland of Badain Jaran Desert, China. This conclusion was drawn from a study analyzing evaporation on mega-dune surfaces following various rain events, categorized into conventional precipitation (CP), ordinary annual maximum (OAM), and extreme precipitation (EP). The research used long-term precipitation records, automatic weather station data, and eddy covariance system measurements to assess evaporation patterns. Results showed that CP and OAM evaporated within 1-3 days and 3-4 weeks, respectively, while EP required a prolonged period due to the upper dry sand layer's influence. These findings provide insight into the formation mechanisms of lakes in this unique desert region.

Olympia’s Harbour Site Pheia (Elis, Western Peloponnese, Greece) Destroyed by Tsunami Impact

Archaeological Site of Olympia — 2013 — WHED446C64C1A

Research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Olympia, Greece, reveals that its harbour site Pheia was destroyed by tsunami impacts, likely in the 6th century AD. The study identified three distinct tsunami events—dating to the 6th millennium BC, around 4300 ± 200 cal BC, and the Byzantine to post-Byzantine period—using sedimentological, geoarchaeological, and geochemical analyses of marine deposits found far inland. These deposits, some cemented into beachrock, suggest tsunamis reached up to 18–20 meters above current sea level due to wave refraction and channeling effects, such as the Katakolo Pass. The findings highlight the significant tsunami risk posed by the seismically active Hellenic Arc, where tectonic plate subduction generates destructive waves along the Greek coast.

Ottoman period water structures and water-related architecture: examples in Safranbolu, Turkey

City of Safranbolu — 2013 — WHEED6863E15E

Safranbolu, Turkey, showcases exceptional Ottoman-era water structures that exemplify traditional Turkish architecture and engineering. The study highlights the Incekaya Aqueduct, a gravity-fed system commissioned by Grand Vizier Izzet Mehmet Pasha (1794–98), which delivers drinking water from Danaköy Village to Safranbolu via the Tokatlı Canyon. Additionally, it examines pool rooms—integral to Ottoman residential architecture—both within mansions like Asmazlar and Deligözler House, and as standalone pavilion structures with garden pools in Bağlar and central districts. These features illustrate the spatial and aesthetic integration of water in historic urban planning.

Palaeoenvironmental significance of organic facies and stable isotope signatures: the Ladinian San Giorgio Dolomite and Meride Limestone of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland, WHL UNESCO)

Monte San Giorgio — 2013 — WHEB3AE31094F

Monte San Giorgio reveals that its Ladinian carbonate section contains immature organic matter primarily of marine bacterial origin, with increasing land plant-derived contributions upsection. This study links organic-matter accumulation to sea-level changes, productivity, and volcanic activity-induced rainfall. Enhanced productivity during high sea levels contributed to black-shale formation under anoxic-sulphidic conditions, while low sea levels intensified runoff, leading to basin restriction and laminated limestone deposition under dysoxic to anoxic conditions. Benthic microbial activity played a significant role in hydrogen-rich organic matter production, carbonate precipitation, and vertebrate fossil preservation. The research integrates sedimentology, geochemistry, and microscopy to provide insights into palaeoenvironmental dynamics.

Peace through Tourism

Mount Kumgang – Diamond Mountain from the Sea — 2013 — WHE6A88B19A76

This edited volume investigates the dual relationship between peace and tourism, examining how tourism can both promote peace and be influenced by it. It presents case studies from diverse regions, including Mount Kumgang in South Korea, Palestine, Timor Leste, India, Japan, Australia, Kenya, and Jerusalem, to explore the potential of 'peace tourism' as a tool for ecological democracy, human rights advocacy, and social justice. The research employs qualitative methods, such as critical analysis and case study approaches, to assess both the benefits and drawbacks of peace tourism, including its potential for exploitation and the challenges it faces in conflict zones. A key finding is that while peace tourism can foster international citizenship and awareness-raising, its effectiveness depends on ethical frameworks and local community involvement.

Persian Gardens and Pavilions

The Persian Garden — 2013 — WHE584C3FBF08

Persian gardens and pavilions, integral to Persianate garden design since the Achaemenid era (6th century BC), have been highlighted for their historical, literary, and artistic significance, particularly their role in representing paradise. Mohammad Gharipour's work emphasizes the pavilion's overlooked importance in Iranian architectural studies by analyzing its evolution from pre-Islamic gardens to Qur'anic symbolism. The study explores depictions in religious texts like Aban Yasht and Persian poetry, revealing both literal and metaphorical values. Gharipour's approach combines historical context with literary analysis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the pavilion's cultural and architectural significance.

Phenotypic Diversity and Landscape Genetics ofEristalis tenaxin a Spatially Heterogeneous Environment, Durmitor Mountain (Montenegro)

Durmitor National Park — 2013 — WHE43999B7385

A study on the hoverfly Eristalis tenax in Durmitor National Park, Montenegro, reveals that landscape heterogeneity does not significantly impact its population structure or gene flow. Analysis of allele frequencies at allozyme loci, wing traits (size and shape), and abdominal color patterns across eight diverse locations—ranging from deciduous forests to alpine meadows—showed weak genetic differentiation and phenotypic similarity among samples. Bayesian clustering and FST estimates confirmed a lack of population structure, suggesting that E. tenax thrives in a more or less continuous habitat due to its strong dispersal capacity. These findings imply that the species may facilitate gene flow among isolated plant populations across the region, offering insights into its role in maintaining biodiversity.

Poetics and politics: Bikini Atoll and World Heritage Listing

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2013 — WHEB7ED3FD415

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site, Republic of the Marshall Islands, was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2010 as a globally significant cultural symbol and icon of the 20th century. This designation reflects its dual nature: a landscape ravaged by nuclear testing (1946–1958) and a remote, exotic paradise. The study examines how the atoll's name, appropriated for the bikini swimsuit, became intertwined with its history of destruction, while also serving as a subversive space co-opted by both global and local actors for heritage recognition. The research employs 'Social Poetics' to explore tensions between official cultural narratives and lived experiences, highlighting Bikini's role in political advocacy for displaced Marshallese communities.

Polarimetric Multifrequency and Multi‐incidence SAR Sensors Analysis for Archaeological Purposes

Samarra Archaeological City — 2013 — WHECC69DA249D

A comparative analysis of ALOS PALSAR and RADARSAT-2 satellite sensors reveals distinct advantages for detecting shallow underground archaeological structures, with RADARSAT-2's higher spatial resolution (9 m) offsetting PALSAR's deeper soil penetration (L-band). This study highlights the complementary nature of these sensors in identifying superficial remains at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Samarra and Djebel Barkal. Polarimetric SAR data analysis, supported by archaeological maps and optical satellite imagery, demonstrates the potential for remote sensing to advance archaeological research, particularly where ground-truth surveys are politically restricted.

Population structure of the oldest known macroscopic communities from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland

Mistaken Point — 2013 — WHE23EBF15F43

A groundbreaking analysis of the population structure of Ediacaran organisms from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, reveals that these ancient communities likely reproduced continuously and aseasonally. By examining size-frequency distributions of four taxa across five fossil surfaces using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), researchers found single-cohort models with wide variance best explained the data. This suggests a 'continuous reproduction' model, where Ediacaran organisms lacked seasonal triggers for reproduction, possibly due to deepwater environmental conditions. The study provides critical insights into the life history and ecology of these oldest known macroscopic communities, challenging previous assumptions about their reproductive strategies.

Portable-XRF Analysis of Archaeological Obsidian from Rebun Island, Japan

Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan — 2013 — WHE4F3FC6E249

Archaeological excavations on Rebun Island, Japan, reveal that obsidian—a material not found naturally on the island—was used continuously from the Middle Jomon period (5400–4300 cal. YBP) through to the Okhotsk period (1500–750 YBP). This suggests significant long-distance trade or transportation of raw materials and tools, a pattern consistent with broader prehistoric lithic industries in northeast Asia. To trace the origins of this obsidian, researchers employed portable-XRF analysis on artifacts from three sites: Uedomari 3, Kafukai 1, and Hamanaka 2. The findings promise to illuminate shifts in resource procurement and distribution among hunter-gatherer communities during these periods, offering new insights into the economic and cultural dynamics of prehistoric Northern Japan.