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Showing 15341 – 15360 of 15962 publications

Domestic architecture in the Early Bronze Age of western Anatolia: the row-houses of Troy I

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2013 — WHE167A3937B4

A reanalysis of the Early Bronze Age site of Troy reveals that its domestic architecture, characterized by flat-roofed, long-room dwellings arranged in rows and sharing lateral walls, diverges from previous interpretations. Unlike the proposed 'megaron' houses or the circular layout seen at Demircihüyük, Troy I's unique 'row-house' style was prevalent across western Anatolia during the early third millennium BC but not in neighboring regions like central Asia Minor or the Aegean. This study applies vernacular architecture concepts to Troy I and contemporary sites, shedding light on the social and cultural factors that shaped domestic architectural traditions in early third-millennium western Asia Minor.

Dynamic connectivity patterns from an insular marine protected area in the Gulf of California

Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California — 2013 — WHE805982C440

Dynamic connectivity patterns from San Pedro Mártir Island, a small and isolated marine protected area in the Gulf of California, reveal significant spatial variability over time. Using particle-tracking models based on hydrodynamic data, researchers found that larvae dispersal spans up to 600 km along the coast, with potential ecological and genetic connectivity to distant fishing sites and neighboring Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), though not simultaneously. The study highlights the temporal changes in connectivity, influenced by lunar phases and reproductive cycles of commercial species, suggesting that retention within the island declines from May to June and with longer planktonic durations. These findings underscore the need for adaptive MPA networks that account for dynamic ocean features and match species' reproductive patterns and fisheries behavior.

Eco-Restoration on the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries after 4.20 Earthquake

Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains — 2013 — WHE7332A660F8

The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, including Wolong, Mt Siguniang, and Jiajin Mountains, suffered significant ecological damage following the 2013 Lushan earthquake. This disaster not only devastated local infrastructure and livelihoods but also disrupted the natural ecosystem, leading to changes in geomorphic features and casualties among wildlife, including the critically endangered giant panda. The study assesses the extent of this damage, highlighting its implications for biodiversity conservation. Given the giant panda's status as a global symbol of wildlife protection, recognized by UNESCO and organizations like IUCN and WWF, the findings underscore the urgent need for targeted eco-restoration strategies to preserve these sanctuaries. The research provides critical insights into post-disaster ecological recovery, offering a foundation for reconstructing damaged habitats and safeguarding one of China's most iconic species.

Ecological Aesthetic of Wind Environment about the Circular Earth Building in Fujian, China

Fujian Tulou — 2013 — WHE9B7932EF59

The Eryi Lou, the largest circular Tulou in Fujian, China, exemplifies ecological building design by harmonizing with its topography and local climate. Research reveals that its architectural features—such as Feng Shui-oriented entrances, courtyard layouts, and fourth-floor windows—enhance cross-ventilation and heat dissipation, aligning with ecological aesthetics principles of local and national significance. Using GIS analysis and on-site wind environment measurements, the study demonstrates how traditional Tulou design integrates aesthetic appeal with functional efficiency, offering a sustainable model for modern urban development. This symbiotic relationship between architecture and environment underscores its potential as an exemplar for future green building practices.

El Hipogeo Neolitico de Badde de Janas (Putifigari, Cerdeña, Italia): Una Nueva Domus de Janas Con Representaciòn Del Techo

Funerary Tradition in the Prehistory of Sardinia – The domus de janas — 2013 — WHE1805847FA8

A newly discovered Neolithic hypogeum, Badde de Janas in Sardinia, features a realistic depiction of a double-sloped roof within its main chamber, mirroring the design of domestic structures. This finding challenges assumptions about the scarcity of rectangular dwellings in Neolithic Sardinia and suggests that such representations may instead symbolize cult buildings, akin to the 'Red Temple' at Monte d'Accoddi. The study compares this tomb with nearby S’Incantu, reinforcing its significance as a possible ritual or ceremonial space rather than a direct representation of contemporary housing.

Exertional Heat-Related Illnesses at the Grand Canyon National Park, 2004–2009

Grand Canyon National Park — 2013 — WHECFC20406D5

Heat-related illnesses (HRI) pose a significant public health risk to visitors of the Grand Canyon National Park, with nearly 500 nonfatal and six fatal cases reported between 2004 and 2009. The study, analyzing Ranger Emergency Medical Services data, found that 84% of cases involved U.S. residents, primarily hikers aged 43 years on average, with a notable prevalence of cardiovascular conditions (18%). Clinical assessments revealed dehydration (25%), heat exhaustion (23%), and suspected hyponatremia (19%), while 40% required helicopter evacuations. HRI rates peaked in May, underscoring the urgency for targeted prevention efforts, particularly during high-visitation periods.

Exit the Dragon? Collapse of Co-management at Komodo National Park, Indonesia

Komodo National Park — 2013 — WHE491D01CEA6

A collaborative management initiative at Komodo National Park, designed to balance tourism and biodiversity conservation, collapsed after just five years despite significant investment. The study identifies the failure as rooted in the narrow design of the initiative and the political ecology of Indonesia's civil service, characterized by persistent corruption and weak environmental awareness. This research highlights the challenges of managing complex social-ecological systems, particularly in World Heritage Sites with high tourist interest and diverse stakeholder involvement.

Experiencing Augmented Reality as an Accessibility Resource in the UNESCO Heritage Site Called “La Lonja”, Valencia

La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia — 2013 — WHE694D6C5BF7

Augmented reality (AR) significantly enhances the accessibility and visitor experience at the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'La Lonja de la Seda' in Valencia. A study involving 145 participants of diverse backgrounds found that AR effectively addressed perception challenges such as poor lighting and distance, allowing users to interactively explore architectural details with positive feedback. The application was well-received, fostering a renewed appreciation for the monument's historical and cultural significance.

Exploring Conservation and Development Strategies for Architectural Heritage：A Case Study from Paris Hotel in Kaiping, Guangdong

Kaiping Diaolou and Villages — 2013 — WHEFB8B5D5C2B

A balanced adaptive reuse strategy for architectural heritage can effectively preserve cultural significance while fostering local economic development, as demonstrated by the case study of Paris Hotel in Kaiping. The research highlights that integrating conservation efforts with tourism and economic growth is crucial to prevent structural damage or over-commercialization, common issues faced by UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Kaiping Diaolou and Villages. By analyzing the challenges and potential solutions for Paris Hotel, the study provides a practical model for heritage management that maintains the rustic beauty and historical value of such sites while supporting sustainable tourism.

Fanning the Flames of Popular Nationalism: The Debate in China over the Burning of the Old Summer Palace

Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing — 2013 — WHE5CE71BF3FB

A growing debate in China over the legacy of the Old Summer Palace, destroyed by British and French troops in 1860, reveals deep divisions in national narratives. While the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has amplified this traumatic event to bolster nationalist legitimacy, linking it to the 'Century of Humiliation,' online critics challenge its official version, accusing it of bias and excessive resource allocation. This study highlights how the CCP's historical framing serves as a tool for political legitimization but also sparks dissent, with some citizens arguing that China remains subordinate to foreign powers despite decades under CCP rule.

Fishes of the Salonga National Park (Congo basin, central Africa): a list of species collected in the Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge Rivers (Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Salonga National Park — 2013 — WHE6E290357DB

A comprehensive list of 152 fish species, including nine potentially new taxa, has been documented from the Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge Rivers around Salonga National Park, Africa's largest protected area. This study addresses a significant gap in knowledge regarding the ichthyofauna of the Congo basin, particularly in the central region where taxonomic and distributional data are scarce. The findings provide a foundational dataset for future research, though the authors acknowledge its likely incompleteness due to limited sampling efforts.

Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models

Papahānaumokuākea — 2013 — WHEB479F22F9B

Classic atolls with islands on shallow rims are more vulnerable to the combined effects of sea-level rise and storm waves, leading to earlier and more severe inundation than predicted by passive models. This study compared dynamic inundation models—accounting for wave-induced set-up and run-up—to passive 'bathtub' models using Midway Atoll (shallow rim) and Laysan Island (deep rim). Findings revealed that sea-level rise increases wave heights and wavelengths, amplifying run-up despite reduced set-up. Dynamic modeling showed substantial inundation at lower sea-level rise thresholds than passive models, suggesting infrastructure and ecosystems on shallow-rim atolls face heightened risks sooner in the 21st century.

From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800)

Archaeological Site of Volubilis — 2013 — WHE645C20393C

Contrary to the long-held assumption that the Arab conquests (7th–8th centuries) were catastrophic for North African society, archaeological evidence reveals a more nuanced picture. Most Byzantine urban centers, including Volubilis, persisted as significant hubs rather than being abandoned. Rural landscapes remained active, with estates, farms, and fortified villages indicating sustained economic activity. Case studies of Tocra, Sbeïtla, and Volubilis—analyzing fortifications, religious structures (churches and mosques), housing, and production—challenge the notion of abrupt societal collapse. The study suggests that Arab rule in North Africa was more complex than previously thought, with urban continuity and rural resilience shaping early medieval Ifrīqiya.

Garden Archaeology in Flanders. Developing a new archaeological discipline in Flanders at the Neue Garten in the Landcommandery Alden Biesen (Bilzen) and the garden of the Plantin-Moretus Museum at Antwerp

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2013 — WHE27A377A5CC

Garden archaeology, a discipline distinct from traditional archaeology, has been successfully applied in Europe for two decades but only recently introduced in Flanders. This study presents the first two garden archaeology excavations in Flanders, focusing on the 18th-century Neue Garten at Alden Biesen and the early 17th-century garden within the Plantin-Moretus Museum complex. The research demonstrates that garden archaeology is more than a tool for reconstruction, providing substantial expertise in this multidisciplinary field. By investigating the layout of tuinpaden (garden paths) and traces of historical gardens, the study showcases its potential to uncover architectural and biological remains, offering valuable insights into the design and history of these spaces.

Gazelle behaviour and human presence at early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, south-east Anatolia

Göbekli Tepe — 2013 — WHEDEC0C64F3A

Research at Göbekli Tepe reveals that Persian gazelles exhibited migratory behavior during the early Neolithic period, with seasonal presence aligning with human activities such as feasting and rituals. Stable isotope analysis of carbon, oxygen, and strontium in gazelle teeth and bones, combined with zooarchaeological data, suggests that high game density in the southern Anti-Taurus piedmont coincided with human gatherings at this significant ritual center. This finding provides insights into the ecological and behavioral dynamics of gazelles during a pivotal period in human cultural history, offering a unique perspective on the interplay between early human societies and their environment.

Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

Huascarán National Park — 2013 — WHEDA60352762

A study on the emblematic Puya raimondii, a giant Andean bromeliad found in Huascarán National Park, Peru, reveals significant genetic differentiation among its populations despite long-distance dispersal. Researchers analyzed 60 individuals using AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations, detecting 172 bands, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The findings suggest that gene flow occurs between populations located in different mountain systems, indicating long-distance dispersal capabilities. This insight is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of this iconic species, emphasizing the need to account for exchange between geographically distant populations.

Geological And Morphological Evolution of The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) from the Biogeographical View

Socotra Archipelago — 2013 — WHEC2813D08CD

The Socotra Archipelago's geological and morphological evolution has significantly influenced its biogeographical development. Research indicates that the last substantial uplift of the Haggier Mountains on Socotra occurred at the end of the Miocene Epoch (9-6 Ma BP), potentially enabling species migration across narrowed channels. This uplift, combined with periodic sea level changes during the Quaternary Period, exposed parts of the Socotra platform, facilitating biota dispersal. However, persistent channels in the Brothers basin acted as barriers, preventing modern species invasion and contributing to the archipelago's unique biota differences. The study integrates geological data from the Gulf of Aden to reconstruct terrestrial migration pathways, providing insights into the archipelago's isolation and its implications for biodiversity.

Green governmentality and swidden decline on Palawan Island

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park — 2013 — WHE10A30DDA1B

Environmental governance initiatives on Palawan Island, Philippines, are reshaping local swidden farming practices through a process termed 'green governmentality.' This study reveals how technical knowledge and sustainability narratives, deployed by diverse institutions, influence Tagbanua farmers to shift from long fallow cultivation to permanent agriculture. While governmental discourse is flexibly interpreted, it systematically reinforces swidden decline, increasing livelihood risks and marginalization. The research combines case studies with spatial analysis to demonstrate the convergence of global governance agendas with local political economies, highlighting unintended social and environmental consequences.

Hatra

Hatra — 2013 — WHEE37CCB3F3F

Hatra offers unprecedented insights into the late Parthian Empire and its complex relationships with Rome. This publication synthesizes contributions from leading experts, revealing Hatra's strategic position as a cultural and religious crossroads between two great empires. Through archaeological evidence, it reconstructs the city's history, highlighting its unique blend of eastern and western influences despite its political affiliation with Parthia. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining historical analysis, architectural studies, and cultural assessments to elucidate Hatra's significance in shaping late-Parthian civilization.

Heritage tourism: reconciling urban conservation and tourism

Lamu Old Town — 2013 — WHED879118495

Heritage tourism can significantly contribute to sustainable urban conservation and development, particularly in historic areas like Lamu Old Town. This study argues that community and culture-led management approaches are the most effective for balancing tourism with heritage preservation. By leveraging tourism's potential, historical settlements can mitigate the erosion of architectural identity and socio-cultural heritage, which is critical for maintaining quality urban life. The research explores conflicts between urban conservation, heritage, and tourism, advocating for a sustainable model that integrates these elements while preserving local identity.