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The Palace of Westminster: Another Window of Opportunity?

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2019 — WHE77278B562B

The Palace of Westminster faces urgent repair needs, presenting a critical 'window of opportunity' for transformation. This study analyzes past restoration efforts over the last 50 years to assess whether parliament can become more fit for purpose. By examining historical precedents, it identifies recurring challenges and missed opportunities, offering insights to inform current and future decisions. The research employs a long-view approach, drawing lessons from previous projects to potentially avoid past pitfalls and capitalize on this moment for meaningful change.

The Parthenon Treasury on the Acropolis of Athens

Acropolis, Athens — 2019 — WHE3E1DB70D1A

A critical reassessment of the Parthenon Treasury on the Acropolis of Athens challenges conventional identification, proposing instead that it corresponds to the west part of the Erechtheion rather than the Parthenon's west room. This conclusion is supported by a rigorous analysis of epigraphical, archaeological, and literary evidence from the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. The study revisits inventories of Athena's riches, which list multiple treasuries on the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, Hekatompedon, Proneos, Opisthodomos, and Archaios Neos. By synthesizing these disparate data sources, the research offers a new interpretation that reshapes our understanding of the spatial organization and religious significance of the Acropolis during its formative period.

The Personal Make-up of the Vilnius Fatebenefratelli in the Second Half of the 17th and the 18th Centuries

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2019 — WHED1DC3E26AF

A detailed analysis of the Vilnius Fatebenefratelli novices from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries reveals that over half (51%) successfully completed their noviciate, while others resigned or were rejected. Most candidates were aged between 18 and 37, with a notable acceptance of older individuals due to the order's flexible formation structure. Geographically, novices predominantly originated from rural areas in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, particularly the Vilnius, Navahrudak, Trakai palatinates, and Samogitia, reflecting broader immigration trends and limited religious opportunities in certain regions. Only 30% came from urban or town settings, with social origins largely obscured but suggesting a predominantly non-noble, rural background. The study relies on two key novitiate books (1678–1725, 1761–1823) containing records for 243 novices, providing unprecedented insights into the demographic and social composition of this religious order during a pivotal period in Vilnius's history.

The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2019 — WHE8D44BB0122

A population of wild boar (Sus scrofa) has been documented for the first time within Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão State, Brazil. This invasive species, known for its destructive impact on ecosystems, poses significant threats to native biodiversity in the region. The study highlights a critical case of predation by wild boar on nests of endangered turtles, underscoring the broader ecological risks associated with its introduction. The research relies on field observations and records, providing foundational data to understand the species' distribution and its potential negative effects on local ecosystems.

The Politics of Makarrata: Understanding Indigenous–Settler Relations in Australia

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park — 2019 — WHE10387B860B

The concept of 'Makarrata' holds significant potential to reshape Indigenous–settler relations in Australia, but its effectiveness depends on avoiding appropriation by settler discourses. The 2017 Uluru Statement from the Heart proposed a Makarrata Commission to facilitate truth-telling and agreement-making, marking a notable shift toward consensus among Indigenous voices. This study analyzes how Makarrata could either foster substantive change or perpetuate contestation if misused in reconciliation narratives. By applying comparative political theory—incorporating both Indigenous and non-Indigenous perspectives—the research demonstrates that genuine engagement with Aboriginal concepts is critical to realizing its transformative potential.

The potential distribution and disappearing of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey: Influences of habitat fragmentation

Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas — 2019 — WHEB35A12836E

A study predicts that the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) could inhabit 7,412.82 km² of evergreen needle-leaf forests in the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, yet only 4,164.58 km² is currently occupied. The research used species distribution models (BIOMOD2 and FRAGSTATS 4.2) to analyze habitat fragmentation, revealing that inhabited areas have lower patch density but larger continuous patches compared to uninhabited suitable habitats. Despite conservation efforts, historical logging and infrastructure development have caused local extinctions in some suitable zones. The study recommends establishing a national park for the species and protecting empty yet potential habitats for future reintroduction, emphasizing the need for ongoing habitat monitoring.

The prevalence of scabies, pyoderma and other communicable dermatoses in the Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô — 2019 — WHE9B68B7F055

A significant burden of communicable skin diseases, including scabies and pyoderma, was found among children in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. Tinea capitis emerged as the most prevalent condition, affecting 14.5% of children during the dry season and 24.7% during the wet season. The study employed robust population-based cluster random sampling to assess disease prevalence across two seasons, revealing substantial seasonal variation in dermatoses. These findings underscore the need for integrating common dermatoses into Universal Health Coverage to address skin health disparities in low- and middle-income settings.

The Problem of the Sundarbans

The Sundarbans — 2019 — WHEC3BAA62A68

A complex fiscal system in the Sundarbans, previously chaotic, was successfully organized by 1904. The study highlights that unregulated reclamation had proceeded too rapidly, neglecting irrigation considerations critical for the stability of the port channel to Calcutta. It also underscores the significance of tidal spill in maintaining the ecological health of the Reserved Forest, contrasting it with the constraints imposed by embankments elsewhere. The research compares the problems faced by the 24-Parganas Sundarbans with those of Khulna and Bakarganj, suggesting that the former's issues are more intricate.

The protection of Preah Vihear temple in the armed conflicts situation between Cambodia and Thailand based on international law

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2019 — WHE705AE405C8

International humanitarian law mandates the protection of cultural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites, during armed conflicts. A 2011 border dispute between Cambodia and Thailand led to significant destruction at Preah Vihear temple, a site inscribed by UNESCO in 2008. This study clarifies that such heritage objects are explicitly protected under international law, prohibiting their targeting and requiring parties to safeguard both domestic and enemy heritage sites during conflicts. The analysis employs statute and case approaches, using the Preah Vihear incident as a focal point to examine legal obligations and their enforcement in armed conflict scenarios.

The Pselaphini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) of the Subantarctic and Chatham Islands of New Zealand; Description of Five Species and One Genus

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2019 — WHE700196C749

Researchers have identified five new species and one genus of Pselaphini beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands and Chatham Islands, expanding the known biodiversity of this rare subfamily at high latitudes. The study, led by Owens et al., describes Pselaphopluteum motumaha as a new genus and species from the Auckland Islands, along with two additional species (Pselaphaulax dracophyllum) from the Subantarctic and three more (Pselaphaulax caeruleus, Pselaphaulax flavus, and Pselaphaulax traversi) from the Chatham Islands. These findings challenge the notion that Pselaphinae are depauperate in extreme southern regions, offering new insights into their biogeographic distribution. The study also highlights the presence of an introduced species, Pselaphophus atriventris, in the Chatham Islands, suggesting potential pathways for species dispersal and colonization.

The Rediscovery of a Byzantine Capital, Reused as a Baptismal Font, in the Nativity Church, Bethlehem

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2019 — WHE9E8246FCD9

A significant archaeological discovery within the Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, has revealed that a Byzantine capital, originally part of a column, was repurposed as a baptismal font. This finding, unearthed during restoration work in June 2019, provides rare insight into the reuse and adaptation of architectural elements in early Christian contexts. The capital, dating to the late sixth or early seventh century, matches a similar piece preserved in Jerusalem's Islamic Museum on Haram es-Sharif, suggesting a broader pattern of material recycling in Byzantine-era religious structures. Further analysis from August 2019 soundings aims to clarify how and why this transformation occurred, offering new perspectives on the church's historical layers.

The Reign of Otto III (983–1002)

Aachen Cathedral — 2019 — WHED089B30982

The reign of Otto III (983–1002) marked a pivotal period in the political and intellectual landscape of medieval Europe, particularly in relation to Aachen Cathedral. Following the death of Otto II, his three-year-old son Otto III was crowned in Aachen, setting the stage for a power struggle involving Henry the Wrangler, Duke of Bavaria, who sought regency over the young king. Despite support from key archbishops, Henry's bid failed due to opposition from influential figures such as Gerbert of Aurillac, a brilliant scholar at the cathedral school of Reims, who later became a staunch ally of Otto III. This study reconstructs the political maneuvering and intellectual dynamics that shaped Otto III's early reign, shedding light on the complex interplay between power, religion, and education during this formative period in European history.

The relationship among naturally occurring radionuclides, geology, and geography: Tsodilo Hills, Botswana

Tsodilo — 2019 — WHE34248C5E9C

High uranium concentrations, reaching up to 223 Bq/kg, were found in low-lying areas near Tsodilo Hills, Botswana, likely due to alluvial deposition from the hills themselves. This unique distribution pattern of naturally occurring radionuclides was mapped using in situ gamma ray surveys and GIS software, revealing a distinctive geographical relationship between uranium, potassium (258 Bq/kg), and thorium (31 Bq/kg) concentrations. The study suggests that uranium accumulation is primarily driven by sediment transport from the hills, with similar patterns observed along roads leading to the site.

The Remains of the Bridges

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge — 2019 — WHEFDEDFAD0BE

Bridges, often seen as symbols of progress and engineering prowess, leave enduring traces in the spatial identity and social fabric of cities. This study reveals that bridges are not merely structures but co-creators of urban landscapes, reflecting the ambitions, cultures, and historical narratives of their inhabitants. By analyzing archival iconographic materials and contemporary satellite images from sites like Avignon, Carcassonne, Paris, Prague, Mostar, Narni, and Kłodzko, researchers uncover how these bridges shape the physiognomic and social realm of cities. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of material and human spheres, forming a complex system that influences urban development and identity.

The Restoration and Renewal of the Palace of Westminster: Avoiding the Trap and Realising the Promise

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2019 — WHE2975EF15E1

Public engagement from the outset can prevent the restoration of the Palace of Westminster from exacerbating anti-political sentiment. The study argues that involving the public in a positive, confident conversation about redesign options is crucial for meaningful democratic engagement and avoiding unintended consequences. This approach contrasts with traditional top-down renewal programs, which risk alienating citizens by neglecting the link between institutional design and societal perceptions of politics.

The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil–Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques

Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena — 2019 — WHEF5418C1D4C

Research on the Ghirlandina Tower in Modena reveals that soil-structure interaction significantly influenced its construction and settlement patterns, explaining why masons implemented corrective measures during building. Using dynamic identification techniques, the study provides insights into the mutual interaction between the tower and the adjacent Cathedral, both of which were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 for their exceptional cultural significance. This volume also explores the historical context of the Modena complex, highlighting its role in reflecting 12th-century northern Italian urban society, religious beliefs, and architectural innovation.

The Restorations of the Rietveld Schröder House. A Reflection

Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) — 2019 — WHE1C5BED8F84

Recent research on the Rietveld Schröder House, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the only private home among Netherlands' listed sites, reveals that remnants of original plaster and finishing coats from Gerrit T. Rietveld's design periods were discovered during a restoration project. These findings offer potential starting points for future material research to inform more accurate restorations. The study, funded by the Getty Foundation, employed archival research, technical analysis, and oral history to evaluate past restoration efforts led by architect Bertus Mulder in the 1970s–80s. Key challenges included the lack of preserved samples or documentation from earlier restorations, which hindered verification of original materials and color schemes. The research reflects on the complexities of authenticity in restoration work, advocating for a holistic approach that considers multiple aspects such as historiography, the house's association with De Stijl, Truus Schröder's role, and its occupational history.

The retrospective analysis of radionuclides in banded coral from the Bikini Atoll

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2019 — WHEEE4A1D6A34

A chronological record of plutonium (Pu) and uranium (U) isotopes in banded corals from Bikini Atoll reveals that the source term of these radionuclides within the lagoon is slowly changing over time. This finding sheds light on the long-term behavior of Pu (239+240 Pu) and U (236 U), which continue to be released into the Pacific Basin from the atoll's sediments, balancing inputs and outputs in a dynamic system. The study employed x-ray imaging and stable isotope analysis to establish coral chronology, followed by chemical separation techniques—including extraction chromatography and anion exchange—to isolate Pu and U for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These methods enabled precise measurements of isotopic concentrations and ratios, forming the basis for a model predicting the loss rate of these isotopes from Bikini Lagoon. The work underscores the importance of understanding radionuclide mobility in marine environments to assess ecological and food chain impacts.

The river runs through it: The Athabasca River delivers mercury to aquatic birds breeding far downstream

Wood Buffalo National Park — 2019 — WHE871DD4FDC7

Aquatic bird eggs collected in the Peace-Athabasca Delta and Lake Athabasca exhibit higher mercury (Hg) concentrations following years of high river flow, with Hg availability regulated by riverine processes involving suspended sediment. The study identified that Athabasca River flow, bird food source, and species were key factors influencing egg Hg levels over 2009-2017. Stable Hg isotope analysis revealed differences in Hg composition between high and low flow years, suggesting that increased river discharge enhances Hg transport to downstream ecosystems like Wood Buffalo National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site). This research underscores the Athabasca River's role as a conduit for Hg, with implications for ecological health in sensitive areas.

The river: peoples and histories of the Omo-Turkana area

Lower Valley of the Omo — 2019 — WHEA67F5B4DE2

A comprehensive synthesis of four million years of human history in the Omo-Turkana region, spanning from early hominin evolution to contemporary cultures. The book integrates archaeological, anthropological, and historical evidence to trace the complex interactions between peoples and their environment along the Lower Valley of the Omo River. It highlights significant milestones, including the emergence of early hominins, the development of pastoralist societies, and the cultural diversity of modern communities. The research approach combines interdisciplinary methodologies, drawing on fieldwork, fossil records, and ethnographic studies to reconstruct the region's deep temporal narrative.